Accepted Name - Basionymum / Basionym - Synonyms - Ind. loc. [Indicatio locotypica (type locality)] - Lectotypus [Lectotype] - Designated by - Host - Comments - Chromosomatic number - Ic. [Images] - Distribution - Specimens Examined - References - Authors - Cite us

ISSN: 2386-9666 - Last Updated: 31 July 2023

Accepted Name:

Orobanche cumana Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 58 (1825)

Synonyms:

Homotypic synonyms:

≡ Orobanche arenaria M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 83 (1808), non Orobanche arenaria Borkh. in Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 6 (1794) (Reichenbach 1829: 45; Schultz 1830: 495; Steudel 1841: 30; Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75]; Tzvelev 1981 [2001]: 451 "The type of O. arenaria Bieb. ... is the type of O. cumana Wallr.). Ind. loc.: "Habitat in arenâ mobili deserti astracanensis atque cumani" (Marschall von Bieberstein 1808: 83)

≡ Orobanche comana [orthographic variant (Koch 1849: 670)]

≡ Orobanche cernua subsp. cumana (Wallr.) Soó in Feddes Repert. 83: 187 (1972). Syn.: = Orobanche cernua subsp. parviflora Kotov, Sov. Bot. 4: 90 (1935) (Turland & al. 2018: Art.11.2. A name has no priority outside the rank)

≡ Orobanche cernua var. cumana (Wallr.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr., Orobanchac.: 128 (1930) ["Var. δ cumana"]. Syn.: = Orobanche cernua var. bicolor (C.A. Mey.) Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 32 (1847) (Turland & al. 2018: Art.11.2. A name has no priority outside the rank)

≡ Orobanche cernua f. cumana (Wallr.) Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 143 t. 2 f. 33(3) (1890) ["Formae ... 4. (Orobanche cumana Wallroth")]

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Heterotypic synonyms:

= Orobanche bicolor C.A. Mey. in Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 2: 458 (1830). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche cernua var. bicolor (C.A. Mey.) Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 32 (1847); = Orobanche cumana Wallr. (1825) (Beck 1930: 128; Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75]). Ind. loc.: "Hab. in deserto soongoro - kirghisico [Dzungaria - Kashgar] occidentali hinc inde locis argillosis, nec non in locis sabulosis ad ripam rivuli Tschaganka versus radicem montis Tschingistau [Eastern Kazakhstan / Kazakstan] (M.)" (Meyer 1830: 458); "Hab. in deserto soongoro - kirghisico occidentali hinc inde in locis argillosis atque in locis sabulosis ad ripam rivuli Tschaganka versus radicem montis Tschingistau [Eastern Kazakhstan / Kazakstan]" (Ledebour, Icon. Pl. 4: 25. 1833; "Sibiriae altaicae deserto soongoro - kirghisico! (Fl. Alt., Karel. et Kiril)"; Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 3: 321. 1841-1853). Ic.: Ledebour, Icon. Pl. 4: t. 390 (1833). Obs. Collections of S.G.Karelin from Middle Asia (LE). Herbarium Specimens: "1801. 1803. Orobanche bicolor C.A.M. / In praeruptis arenosis ad fl. Lepsa in Songoria [Dzungaria]; — in salsis inter Usunbulak et Gorkoi piket. / leg. Karelin et Kiriloff a. 1841 / Soc. Imp. Nat. Gur. Mosqu." (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968094 - P 02968094.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437439676; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2015); idem (CVH 10263; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2016); "Ledebour // Orobanche bicolor / C.A. Meyer / Altai" (CVH 10263; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2016)

= Orobanche nicotianae Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 179[178-180], t. 158 (1850) (Hooker 1884: 326). Ind. loc.: "The plant selected to illustrate the order is extensively distributed in Southern India, in those districts where Tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae)] is largely cultivated, and is a most abundant injurious weed. In Coimbatore [Kovai / Koyamuttur / Koyambattur / Koimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India] it is in full perfection in March and April, when the Tobacco crops are approaching matury". "The Deccan; common in and destructive of tobacco crops, Wight." (Hooker 1884: 326). Types: 1. "R. W. / Orobanche s. n. / nicotianae m. / Coimbatore January 1848". – 2. "Bombay Herbarium of the late N.A. Dalzell. Presented by Mrs. Dalzell, April 1878". – 3. "Orobanche cernua Loefl. var. desertorum Beck / Flora of Madras / Det. J.S. Gamble / 1922". – 4. "See true interesting account of its / growth on Tobacco in Wight Spec. heilth [?].! / E.S.G [?]". – 5. "= Wight on t. 158 / CB. Clarke" (K 000061383 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/665232.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2016); 1. "Peninsula Indiae Orientalis / No. / 2408 / Orobanche / Herb. Wight / Distributed at the Royal Gardens, Kew. 1866-7". – 2. "Coimbatore January / 1848". – 3. "Orobanche cernua Loefl. var. desertorum Beck / Flora of Madras / Det. J.S. Gamble / 1922". – 4. "Herbarium Hookerianum / 1867" (K 000061384 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/665233.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2016)

? = Orobanche glaucantha Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 26[-27] (1871) (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 72[67], sub O. glaucantha). Ind. loc.: "In Sibiria orientali, prope pag. Ust-Balei [near Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia / Россия], in declivibus ad fl. Angara (Tschekanowski)". Obs. "tota glaberrima" (see Orobanche cumana Wallr. 1825). "Note. Despite the complete absence of pubescence, this species is extremely close in every other respect to O. coerulescens Steph., although representing its glabrous variant." (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 73[68], sub O. glaucantha). "Glabrous" (Lee & al. 2016, sub O. coerulescens)

= Orobanche sabulosa Steven ex Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 143 (1890) ["in schedulis!"], nom. illeg. Ind. loc.: "provinciis caucasicis [pr. Stawropol (Stavropol / Stauropolis, Stavropol Krai, Russia)] (C.A. Meyer), ad fl. Terek [Terek River, Caucasus]! (Steven pl. exs.)]..." (Ledebour 1841-1853: 322, sub O. cumana)

= Orobanche sarmatica Kotov, Fl. URSR 10: 454, f. 8 (1961) (Tzvelev 1981: 329[451]; https://www.ipni.org/n/662674-1; Tarasov 2012: 145, sub O. sarmatica). Ind. loc.: "near Yevpatoriya [Yevpatoria / Eupatoria / Євпато́рія / Евпато́рия, Yevpatoria municipality], Crimea [Crimea / Krym], UA, (KW)" (Schlauer & al. 2003)

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= Orobanche cernua subsp. parviflora Kotov, Sov. Bot. 4: 90 (1935) (Tzvelev 1981: 329[451]). Syn.: = Orobanche cernua subsp. cumana (Wallr.) Soó in Feddes Repert. 83: 187 (1972) (Turland & al. 2018: Art.11.2. A name has no priority outside the rank)

= Orobanche cernua subsp. rajahmundrica Teryokhin in Adv. Paras. Pl. Res.: 246 (1996) (Schlauer & al. 2003) [Weed Broomrapes: 15 (1997), without type. (https://www.ipni.org/n/993025-1)] [in Novost Sist. Vysš. Rast. 33: 210 (2001) (https://www.ipni.org/n/20000358-1; Domina & Raab-Straube 2010)]. Ind. loc.: "Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India, C.A. Raju s.n. (LE)" (Schlauer & al. 2003); "India (Andhra Pradesh), E. Teryokhin, 1 Mar 1994 isotype LE" (https://www.ipni.org/n/20000358-1). Obs. Dhanapal 1996: 13, sub O. cernua

= Orobanche cernua subsp. cumana (Wallr.) Soó in Feddes Repert. 83(3): 187 (1972) [https://www.ipni.org/n/887928-1] (Turland & al. 2018: Art.11.2. A name has no priority outside the rank)

= Orobanche cernua subsp. cumana (Wallr.) Dostál in Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 12 (1984), comb. superfl. [https://www.ipni.org/n/923604-1]

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= Orobanche cernua var. bicolor (C.A. Mey.) Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 32 (1847) ["β. bicolor"]. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche bicolor C.A. Mey. in Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 2: 458 (1830) (Ledebour 1841-1853: 321); = Orobanche cernua var. cumana (Wallr.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr., Orobanchac.: 128 (1930) (Turland & al. 2018: Art.11.2. A name has no priority outside the rank)

= Orobanche cernua var. taurica (Beck) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 46: 214 (2015). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche cernua var. cumana f. taurica Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr., Orobanchac.: 128 (1930)

= Orobanche cumana var. helianthi Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 46: 214[-215] (2015). Type: "Тип (typus varietatis): «Близ ст. Верблюд, Се-веро-Кавказской железн [North Caucasus Railway]. дороги, Ростовская селекционная станция [Rostov Oblast / Росто́вская о́бласть, Southern Federal District / Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг], на Helianthus annuus L., 26 VII 1949, № 65, И. В. Новопокровский» (LE, cum 2 iso)". Obs. "The form of [O. cernua] subsp. cumana parasitizing sunflower ... result of anthropogenic activity, which, in any case, cannot be considered as type subspecies cumana." (Tzvelev 1981: 451; Tzvelev 2015: 215).

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= Orobanche cernua var. cumana f. densior Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr., Orobanchac.: 128 (1930) ["Forma 4. densior"]. Ind. loc.: "Hinc inde cum varietate"

= Orobanche cernua var. cumana f. holosepala Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr., Orobanchac.: 128 (1930). Ind. loc.: "Shungurei [Songaria / Soogaria / Zhungaria / Dzungaria, Kazakhstan / Kazakstan]: bei Alakulj (Bienert)"

= Orobanche cernua var. cumana f. taurica Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr., Orobanchac.: 128 (1930) ["Forma 7. taurica"]. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche cernua var. taurica (Beck) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 46: 214 (2015). Ind. loc.: "In der Krim [Crimea / Krym] bei Oreanda [Yalta Municipality] (V. Golde! in Herb. Petersburg. [LE] unter O. alba)". Typus: "«In der Krim bei Oreanda [Yalta Municipality], V. Golde» — W)" (Tzvelev 2015: 214). Herbarium Specimens: 1. "O. alba 5.". – 2. "O. arenaria M.B. / Tauria litorea". – 3. "O. cumana !B / mea Wallroth". – 4. "208 W" (B-W 11600 200; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jan 2017, type of O. cernua var. cumana f. taurica?)

= Orobanche cernua var. cumana f. tenuisepala (Beck) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr., Orobanchac.: 128 (1930) ["Forma 6. tenuisepala"]. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche cernua f. tenuisepala Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 143 (1890)

= Orobanche cernua f. tenuisepala Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 143 (1890) ["Formae ... 5. (Orobanche) tenuisepala"]. Ind. loc.: "Turkestania: ... in planitie Kickdan ad montes Gasi Machik et prope Gomut [Tajikistan / Tayikistán] (f. 5 leg. Regel)" (Beck 1890: 145)

= Orobanche cernua var. cumana f. valens Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr., Orobanchac.: 128 (1930) ["Forma 4*. valens"]. Ind. loc.: "Mesopotamien: bei Tell Halaf [Tell Halaf, Al Hasakah, Syria] in der Steppe bei Haus, im Mai (Kohkl! in der Expedition Frh. v. Oppenheim)"

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Misapplied names:

– Orobanche cernua auct. pl., non Orobanche cernua L. in Loefl., Iter Hispan.: 152 (1758) [e.g., "O. cérnua Pall. ind. taur." (Meyer 1830: 458, sub O. bicolor; Don 1838: 631; Steudel 1841: 230, "sec. Meyer")]

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Ind. loc.: "Habitat in arenâ mobili deserti astracanensis atque cumani" (Marschall von Bieberstein 1808: 83, sub O. arenaria). "In arena mobili deserti astracanici et cumani" (Wallroth 1825: 58). «Sands in the lower reaches of the Volga [Во́лга] and on the Kuma [Кума́] rivers ("In arena mobili deserti astracanici et cumani"). ... "O. arenaria M. In arena mobili ad Wolgam versus Astrachan [Province of Astrakhan / Astrakhan Oblast, Russia] lecta, 1803"» (Tzvelev 1981: 329[451]).

Typus / Type: LE. «The type of O. arenaria Bieb., preserved in Leningrad [LE] with the label "O. arenaria M. In arena mobili ad Wolgam versus Astrachan lecta, 1803" is the type of O. cumana Wallr.» (Tzvelev 1981: 329[451]; Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 52); "Lectotypus (Цвелёв 1981: 329 = типус О. arenaria M. Bieb.): «In arena mobili ad Wolgam versus Astrachan lecta, 1803» (LE)." (Tzvelev 2015: 214); "Orob. arenaria M. Bieb. / ad radices Xanthii strumarii / ad Wolgam / Claus // Regio Caspica. / Claus. Herb. Al. de Bunge." (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968103 - P 02968103.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437611250; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Feb 2012 [type?])

Designated by: Tzvelev in Flora of Russia: 451 [329] (1981) (Tzvelev 2015: 214).

Host: Parasitic on Compositae (Asteraceae) [e.g., Artemisia sp.] and Solanaceae species [e.g., Nicotiana sp.]. In Europe and other parts of the world is parasitic on various cultivated plants (e.g., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) (Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75]; Labrousse & al. 2001; Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 52; Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of Orobanchaceae, accessed Aug 2009).

"According to Morozov (1947), the first reports of broomrape in sunflower came from Saratov Oblast in Russia and date back to the 1890s" (Škorić & al. 2010: 64). "Helianthus annuus L. (4 [O. cernua f. cumana] s. Litwinoff)" (Beck 1890: 143); "Helianthus annuus L. (δ [O. cernua var. cumana] s. Grintescu, Litwinoff, Alexeenko, A. Malzew in Bull. angew. Bot. St. Petersb. VI. [1913] 111-120 et Th. Sazyperow, I. c. 251-261 e literatura)" (Beck 1930: 123).

N. B. "The wild sunflower is native to North America but commercialization of the plant took place in Russia ... Sunflower became very popular as a cultivated plant in the 18th century. Most of the credit is given to Peter the Great. The plant was initially used as an ornamental, but by 1769 literature mentions sunflower cultivated by oil production. By 1830, the manufacture of sunflower oil was done on a commercial scale" (2015 National Sunflower Association).

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl [Compositae Giseke]

Artemisia austriaca Jacq. [Artemisia repens Willd.]. Russia (P 02968104 - Hb. E. Cosson; L 2817612; WAG 1141225).

Artemisia fragrans Willd. [= Artemisia meyeriana (Besser) Grossh., non Besser 1841]. Georgia (WU: S&T 6609 - AY209231; Carlón & al. 2005: 59, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

Artemisia herba-alba Asso [= Artemisia aragonensis Lam.]. Spain (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 13856 et 13857).

Artemisia japonica Thunb. India (Sharma & al. 2021: 196, sub O. cumana).

Artemisia lercheana Weber ex Stechm. [= Artemisia nachitscevanica Rzazade; = Seriphidium lercheanum var. astrachanicum (Kazak.) Y. R. Ling]. Russia (MHA 0007615).

Artemisia santonicum L. [Artemisia maritima subsp. monogyna (Waldst. & Kit.) Hegi; A. maritima var. boschniakiana Besser; A. maritima auct. pl.]. Bulgaria (Petrov 1968; Encheva & Shindrova 1994; Pineda Martos 2014, sub O. cumana); Hungary (Barina & al. 2005: 5, sub O. cernua); Russia (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. [Artemisia scoparioides Grossh.]. Russia (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/113082.html by Сергей Банкетов [Sergey Banquetov]).

Artemisia taurica Willd. [≡ Seriphidium tauricum (Willd.) Poljakov; = Artemisia steveniana Grossh.]. Krym (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/613629.html by Александр Фатерыга [Alexander Fateryga]).

Helianthus sp. (Tzvelev 1981: 451; Tzvelev 2015: 215, type of O. cumana var. helianthi).

Helianthus annuus L. Bangladesh, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Hungary, Israel and Palestinian territories, Italy [unconfirmed], Moldova, Morocco, North Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Tunisa, Turkey, Ukranie.

Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC. [Scorzonera laciniata L.]. Spain (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 12840).

Xanthium spinosum L. Russia (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

Xanthium strumarium L. Russia (P 02968103 - hb. E. Cosson; P 02968104 - Hb. E. Cosson; P 02968106 - hb. E. Cosson; L 2817612; WAG 1141225; Reichenbach 1862: 107, sub O. cumana).

Solanaceae

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. [≡ Solanum lycopersicum L.]. Bangladesh (Shaha & Mian 2013, sub O. cernua); Israel and Palestinian territories (Paran & al. 1997: 69, sub O. cernua); Jordan (Musselman 1994: 29, sub O. cernua [tomato]); Russia (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75]).

Nicotiana rustica L. Russia (P 04410446 - Becker 1883 n. 105).

Nicotiana tabacum L. Bangladesh (Shaha & Mian 2013, sub O. cernua); China (Wu & al. 2013: 57, sub O. cumana); India (Wight 1850: 178, loc. class. of O. nicotianae Wight; Hooker 1884: 326; Musselman 1994: 29, sub O. cernua [tobacco (Nicotiana ssp.) and brinjal (eggplan, Solanum melongena)]; Dhanapal 1996: 13, sub O. cernua); Nepal (Dhanapal 1996: 14, sub O. cernua); Pakistan (Jafri, O. cernua); Russia (COI 00056874 - herb. Willkommii; Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75]).

Solanum melongena L. [unconfirmed]. Formerly USSR (Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75]); India (Musselman 1994: 29, sub O. cernua).

Comments:

Ttaxonomic and morphological observations: Orobanche cumana is a polymorphous species. It is provisionally considered by us to be an independent species very closely allied to O. cernua, although the differences between these two species can not always be easily expressed (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 75; Tzvelev 1981: 451; Pujadas & Velasco 2000). We can easily distinguish these taxa when comparing typical specimens (e.g., when comparing specimens of O. cumana growing on cultivated plants) but this is not easy when the specimens are less typical. On the other hand, we believe the indumentum staminal (glabrous / hairy) are of no value in differentiating the two taxa (e.g., O. cernua from loc. class. has hairy stamens) as some authors think (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 75[95-96]; Tzvelev 1981: 450-451). "The form of [O. cernua] subsp. cumana parasitizing sunflower ... result of anthropogenic activity, which, in any case, cannot be considered as type subspecies cumana." (Tzvelev 1981: 451; Tzvelev 2015: 215, type of O. cumana var. helianthi).

"Orobanche cumana has often been considered as a subspecies of O. cemua, but Joel (1987) and Jacobsohn et al. (1991) clearly differentiated between the two species on the basis of morphological and host range differences" (Paran & al. 1997: 72). "The Orobanche cernua populations attacking sunflower seem to be unable to attack tobacco and vice versa (Musselman, 1994). According to some authors (cf. Ter Borg, 1994), they should be taxonomically distinguished either as separate subspecies or as two species, indicating the sunflower broomrape as O. cumana Wallr." (Dhanapal 1996: 10, sub O. cernua).

Phylogenetic relationships: Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 61 f. 4 ["Phylogenetic relationships"], 64 (2005); Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 6: 13 f. 2 [phylogenetic relationships] (2008).

"Orobanche grenieri groups with other accessions of O. cernua s. l., but while different races of O. cernua from a wide geographical area (from Spain to Australia) have nearly identical ITS sequences, that of O. grenieri is unexpectedly pronouncedly different ... This is in stark contrast to the nearly complete lack of differentiation on the sequence level among taxa traditionally recognized as separate, most importantly O. cumana" (Carlón & al. 2005: 59). "Orobanche species characterization using plastid sequences as molecular markers revealed that O. cumana contains at least two distinct rbcL sequences: one similar in size to the truncated rbcL pseudogene from O. cernua, a closely related species, and another with a size comparable to that of rbcL plastid genes from autotrophic plants" (Delavault & Thalouarn 2002).

Chromosomatic number: n = 19 (Palomeque & Sañudo 1981, sub O. cernua [Granada]), 2n = 38 (Schneeweiss & al. 2004, sub O. cernua var. cumana); 2n = 24 (Žukov 1939, sub O. cumana; Tzvelev 1981: 451, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana).

Ic.: a, Reichenbach 1829: 45, t. 691 f. 926 ["Caucaso: Blume, ex herb. cl.Trevirani"] f. 927 ["Specimen Wallrothianum"]; b, Beck 1890: t. 2 f. 33(3); c, Beck 1930: 113 f. 13; d, Ledebour 1833: t. 390, sub O. bicolor C.A. Mey.); e, habit and corolla ["with host plant Artemisia sp." (Tzvelev in Flora of Russia: 437 t. 41 f. 4. 1981; Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev. Flora SSSR 23: t. 5 f. 3. 1958; Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: t. 2 f. 33(3). 1890; Moscow State University Herbarium (MW); f, sheet (Almendros, Cuenca); g, habit (sub var. cumana on its host Artemisia meyeriana (Asteraceae); Georgia, May 2001 by G. Schneeweiss. SIUC, accessed Mar 2006); h, habit (sub O. cernua. Parasitizing sunflower. Bulgaria, by L.J. Musselman. SIUC, accessed Mar 2006).

Distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria [unconfirmed], Armenia, Australia [unconfirmed], Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India [sub O. nicotianae Wight and O. cernua subsp. rajahmundrica], Iran, Iraq, Israel and Palestinian territories, Italy [unconfirmed], Jordan [unconfirmed], Kazakhstan, Krym [O. cernua var. cumana f. taurica], Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Syria [O. cernua var. cumana f. valens], Tajikistan, Tunisa, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukranie and Uzbekistan.

"General distribution: Central Europe (southern part), Mediterranean, Balkans-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, Dzhungaria-Kashgaria, Mongolia" (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75], sub O. cumana); Eurasian distribution (Domina & Raab-Straube 2010, sub O. cumana, accessed Jul 2010). Area and zones of severity of Sunflower Broomrape by Yakutkin & Budrevskaya 2006 in AgroAtlas. Cabi.org 37745#REF-DDB-133811, accessed Sep 2020). "Cartographie des principales zones de culture de tournesol infestées par l’orobanche [France]" in http://www.lgseeds.fr, accessed Dec 2014; "Orobanche cumana Wallr. se distribuye de forma natural desde Asia Central hasta el sudeste de Europa, dónde parasita especies silvestres de la familia Asteraceae ... Esta especie, conocida como jopo del girasol (Helianthus annuus L.), es también una importante mala hierba parásita de este cultivo, dónde fue observada por primera vez parasitando girasol en Rusia en la década de 1890. Orobanche cumana está presente en los cultivos de girasol en muchos países de todo el mundo, especialmente en el centro y este de Europa, España, Turquía, Israel, Rusia, Ucrania, Irán, Kazajstán, China, Francia y Túnez" (Pineda Martos 2014, sub O. cumana). Iberian distribution.

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Specimens examined and literature records.

Afghanistan / Afganistán / Афганистан (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/108351)

Afghanistan (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

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Algeria / الجزائر‎ / Argelia / Algérie / Algerien [unconfirmed]

"Also in northern Africa" (Kreutz 1995: 88, sub O. cumana).

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Armenia / Hayastan / Armenien / Армения (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75], sub O. cumana; Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 52 f. 35, 53, sub O. cumana)

"Caucas. [Caucasus]" (Steudel 1841: 30, sub O. cumana); "Caucasi" (Reuter 1847: 33, sub O. cumana); t. 691 f. 926 ["Caucaso: Blume, ex herb. cl.Trevirani"] (Reichenbach 1829: 45); "in Caucaso a Blume lectae herbarii Treviraniani" (Reichenbach 1862: 107); "Armenia-Kurdistan" (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75], sub O. cumana); Армения, 6.06.1931. Собр. Карягин И.И. [Karyagin I.I.] (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723469 - MW 0723469.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018).

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Azerbaijan / Azerbaiyán / Azərbaycan / Азербайджан (Koch 1849: 670, sub O. comana; Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Karjagin 1957)

"In Tatarisch [Tatarstan / Республика Татарстан, Russia]-Grusien [Georgia] und Schirwan [Shirvan, Azerbaijan] auf Beifuss [Artemisia], 500-800' hoch." (Koch 1849: 670, sub O. comana); "Territorium Caucasi: f. 4 (! Helenendorf [Goygol / Xanlar / Chanlar / Elenendorf] prope Jelisawetpol [Ganja / Gəncə / Yelizavetpol]...)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana).

Elisabethpol Governorate / Elizavetpol Governorate / Елизаветпольская губерния: "... / 350. Orobanche cumana Wallr. / ... / Prov. Elisabethpol, distr. Araesch. In semideserto Boz, ad / radices Artemisiarum. / 16.29. V. 1908 Leg. A. Schelkownikow et G. Woronow. / Determ. G. Woronow" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723472 - MW 0723472.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014).

Şirvan / Shirvan: "Orobanche cumana Wallr. / insula Swatoi [Shirvan] m. Caspii / leg. Al. Brnhns. // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968107 - P 02968107.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438609611; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014); "Orobanche cumana Wallr. / In insula Sswätoi [Shirvan] maris Caspii / leg. Al. Brnhns." (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723471 - MW 0723471.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018).

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic / Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası (Karjagin 1957)

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Australia / Australien [unconfirmed] (see O. cernua L.)

Australia (Carter & Cooke 1994: 586 "potential agricultural weeds in southern Australia"; Kreutz 1995: 88; Škorić & al. 2010: 64).

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Bangladesh / Bangladés / Bangladesch [East Pakistan] (Shaha & Mian 2013, sub O. cernua, "district of Jessore, Kushtia, Pabna and Rajshahi" ... "attacked sunflower, tomato and tobacco")

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Belarus / Bielorrusia / Biélorussie / Weißrussland / Rusia blanca / Белоруссия / Рэспубліка Беларусь / Республика Беларусь (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/37745)

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Bulgaria / България / Bulgarie / Bulgarien (Beck 1930: 123, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Petrov, 1968; Encheva & Shindrova 1994: 621; Shindrova 2006, sub O. cumana; Shindrova & Penchev 2012, sub O. cumana; Pineda-Martos & al. 2014, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 5, sub O. cumana)

Burgas Province / Област Бургас / Oblast Burgas: "Figure 2: Details of population CUMBUL-1 of Orobanche cumana parasitizing Artemisia maritima in Burgas [Бургас], Bulgaria" (Pineda-Martos & al. 2014: 4, sub O. cumana).

Varna Province / Област Варна / Oblast Varna: "Bulgarien: bei Varna [Варна] (nach Davidoff, Prinoss za izont. fl. Varn. XXI [1905]), in der Stara Plan, bei Dragoman in 800 m Seehöhe (F.A. Novak!)" (Beck 1930: 123, sub O. cernua var. cumana); A new physiological race of broomrape ... observed in Varna ... wild host (Artemisia maritima L. [A. maritima auct. non L. = A. santonicum L.])... (Petrov 1968; Encheva & Shindrova 1994: 621).

Bulgaria (Petrov 1970; Greuter & al. 1989: 258, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana; Encheva & Shindrova 1994: 619, "From its first appearance in 1935 ["in the norteast of Bulgaria"] the parasite has been the constant companion of sunflower ... According to Knyazkov (1950), the severest attacks were recorded in the northeast of Bulgaria (the regions of Varna, Shumen, Provadia"; Shindrova 1994: 145 f. 1; Gagne 1998; Shindrova 2006); "Parasitizing sunflower in Bulgaria" (Musselman, sub O. cernua. SIUC, accessed Mar 2006); "La costa del Mar Negro en el este de Bulgaria es una de las principales áreas naturales de distribución de O. cumana, dónde esta especie se encuentra principalmente parasitando Artemisia maritima L. [Artemisia santonicum L. (A. maritima subsp. monogyna (Waldst. & Kit.) Hegi; A. maritima var. boschniakiana Besser; A. maritima auct. pl.)]" (Pineda Martos 2014, sub O. cumana). "Orobanche cumana growing in the wild on Artemisia maritima in the Black Sea Coast of Bulgaria" (Velasco & al. 2016: 6, f. 5, sub O. cumana).

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China / Chine / Китай / 中国 (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Tzvelev 1981: 451, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana; CVH O. cumana, accessed May 2018; Wu & al. 2013: 57, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 5, sub O. cumana)

"Ku pei Ku (f. 4 leg. Wawra)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Tzvelev 1981: 451, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana), "Dzhungaria-Kashgaria" [Dzungaria - Kashgar, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]; "Gansu, Hebei, W Jilin, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang" (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana); China (Fernández Escobar & al. 2009).

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / Nei Mongol Autonomous Region / 内蒙古自治区: "Flora of China / Field No. H. 3839 / Date Aug. 12, 1933 / Paiyennopo, Ordos [Muu-us / Bad Water Desert / 鄂尔多斯沙漠], Mongolia / Altitude 1400 m / Sand flat / ... / Flower purple ... / Collector W.Y. Hsia" (PE 01463751; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2018); Dengkou County / 磴口县 (HIMC 0034719; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2018).

Liaoning Province / 辽宁省: "Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) is a holoparasitic phanerogam which causes severe damage to tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae)] in Liaoning province" (Wu & al. 2013: 57, sub O. cumana).

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region / 宁夏回族自治区: Zhongwei / 中卫市 (IFP 13202002w0003; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2018).

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region / 新疆维吾尔自治区: Zhaosu County [Mongolküre County] (IBSC 0547755; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2018).

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France / Francia / Frankreich (Kreutz 1995: 88, sub O. cumana; O. cumana in http://www.agro.basf.fr, accessed Dec 2014; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 5, sub O. cumana)

"northward to southern France" (Kreutz 1995: 88, sub O. cumana); "Orobanche cumana est spécifique du tournesol ... Un phénomène nouveau en France ... Sa présence en France est avérée depuis 2009 dans l’Ouest et le Sud-Ouest (Vendée, Poitou-Charentes, Tarn-et-Garonne, Haute-Garonne), avec des niveaux d’infestation ponctuellement forts." (O. cumana in agro.basf.fr, accessed Dec 2014).

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Georgia / Sakartvelo / Грузия

"Caucas. [Caucasus]" (Steudel 1841: 30, sub O. cumana); "Caucasi" (Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cumana); "ad fl. Terek [Terek River]! (Steven pl. exs.)]..." (Ledebour 1841-1853: 322, sub O. cumana); "In Tatarisch [Tatarstan / Республика Татарстан, Russia]-Grusien [Georgia] und Schirwan [Shirvan, Azerbaijan] auf Beifuss [Artemisia], 500-800' hoch." (Koch 1849: 670, sub O. comana); "Territorium Caucasi: f. 4 (... Tatuni [Talysch Mountains, Azerbaijan-Iran], Tiflis [Tbilisi])" (Beck 1890: 144, sub O. cernua f. cumana); "bei Tiflis [Tbilisi], Tatuni δ" (Beck 1930: 124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "AY209231: Georgia, small lake close to Kumisi S of Tbilisi, 500 m, on Artemisia meyeriana (Asteraceae), G. Schneeweiss & AT (WU: S&T 6609)" (Carlón & al. 2005: 59, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Orobanche cumana Wallr. Samtskhe-Javakheti, valley of river Kura (Mtkvari): near Akhaltsikhe; 1274 m. 43°17'35'' E, 41°22'47'' N." [41°22'47.0"N 43°17'35.0"E], 2002-07-16, Schneeweiß, G. et al. 8120 (WU 0027654 - https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=33169); Georgia, May 2001 by G. Schneeweiss, sub var. cumana on its host Artemisia meyeriana [Asteraceae]. SIUC, accessed Mar 2006).

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Greece / Grecia / Ελλάδα / Hellas

Crete / Creta / Κρήτη: "Cr" (Greuter & al. 1989: 258, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana); "Kriti with Karpathos, Kasos & Gavdhos" (Domina & Raab-Straube 2010, sub O. cumana).

North Aegean / Περιφέρεια Βορείου Αιγαίου

Lesbos / Lesvos / Λέσβος: "North Aegean, Aegean, GR", 39°08'04.8"N 25°55'53.5"E. On Helianthus annuus, 12 Aug 2020 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/56485865 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2851090746 by σαββας ζαφειριου [Savvas Zafeiriou] in iNaturalist; accessed Oct 2020).

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Hungary / Hungría / Magyarország (Barina & al. 2005, sub O. cernua; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 5, sub O. cumana)

Central Hungary / Közép-Magyarország: "Hungary, Abony [Pest County] / subhalofilní trávník / 15 August 2008" (photo 169232 [https://www.biolib.cz/en/image/id169232/] et det. Pavel Novák in 1999-2016 BioLib, accessed Dec 2016).

Central Transdanubia / Közép-Dunántúl: "Herbarium Musei Hist.-Nat. Hung. (BP) / 7081  Duplum / Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Comit. Komárom-Esztergom; Leányvár: Falu feletti-dülö; / ad domos, in radice: Helianthus annuus / 20.08.2004 / 47.683720, 18.768630 / 220 m.s.m. Z. Barina" (PE 01917657 and PE 01917977; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020).

Northern Hungary / Észak-Magyaroszág

Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County / Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megye: "Dr. Z. Kárpáti: Plantae Hungariae Exsiccatae / Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Comit. Zemplén. In monte Nagykopasz supra pagum / Tokaj: parasitica in Helianthemi annii. /  8.IX.1951. alt. cca 300 m.s.m." (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/clf/collection/clf/item/clf170339 - CLF 170339.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1437901235; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018).

N. B. "Orobanche cernua Loefl. treated at species level is absent from the Hungarian botanical literature; only O. cumana Wallr. is recorded as an agricultural weed ... While O. cumana has been known as a weed of sunflower cultures in Hungary for more than 50 years (Boros 1950), O. cernua has not been recognised until now ... Up to now 13 populations of O. cernua became known from the lowlands of Hungary (Table 1) ... Orobanche cumana grows exclusively in sunflower cultures in Hungary, as in Spain [O. cumana var. helianthi] ... To our present-day knowledge Orobanche cernua is a rare but characteristic plant of Hungarian salt communities ... In Hungary its only host plant may be Artemisia santonicum L. Grulich and Feráková (1999) mention O. cernua subsp. cumana as being parasitic on Artemisia santonicum ... Moreover, according to Lazarov and Andrejev (1968) and Petrov (1970) Artemisia maritima L. (= A. santonicum L.) could be the host plant which promoted the spreading of O. cumana to Central Europe [see Bulgaria]" (Barina & al. 2005: 5, sub O. cernua).

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India / Indien / Индия / 印度 (Wight 1850: 178, loc. class. of O. nicotianae Wight;  Hooker 1884: 326; Musselman 1994: 29, sub O. cernua [tobacco (Nicotiana ssp.) and brinjal (eggplan, Solanum melongena)]; Dhanapal 1996: 13, sub O. cernua; Schlauer & al. 2003, loc. class. of O. cernua subsp. rajahmundrica; Sharma & al. 2021, sub O. cumana)

Andhra Pradesh: "tobacco crop in Andhra Pradesh" (Krishnamurthy & Nagarajan 1981: 235, sub O. cernua); "Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry [Rajamahendravaram], Andhra Pradesh, India, C.A. Raju s.n. (LE)" (Schlauer & al. 2003, loc. class. of O. cernua subsp. rajahmundrica); "One of the worst phanerogramous parasites of crop plants known. Occurs on tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae)] in many areas in India. Known by different names in different parts of India such as 'malle1 in Andhra Pradesh and 'tokra' in North India" (photo by Integrated Pest and Diseases Management Expert Advisory System, accessed Dec 2010).

Cachemire: "R. de Cachemyr / Voyage de V. Jacquemont aux Indes Orient." (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968095 - P 02968095.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437439675; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2015); "Orobanche indica ... / 77. Voyage de V. Jacquemont aux Indes Orient." (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968090 - P 02968090.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/439104453; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2015 [cf.]).

Himachal Pradesh: "Himachal Pradesh, Mandi District (Kullu Valley), Jhiri, on dry Artemisia species-rich hilly pastureland, 31°83’24” N, 77°16’53” E, 1150 m a.s.l., 14 April 2020, Ashutosh Sharma, CAL0000047245; CAL0000047246; CAL0000047247; CAL0000047248; FRLH124703" (Sharma & al. 2021: 194, sub O. cumana).

Tamil Nadu: 1. "R. W. / Orobanche s. n. / nicotianae m. / Coimbatore January 1848". – 2. "Bombay Herbarium of the late N.A. Dalzell. Presented by Mrs. Dalzell, April 1878". – 3. "Orobanche cernua Loefl. var. desertorum Beck / Flora of Madras / Det. J.S. Gamble / 1922". – 4. "See true interesting account of its / growth on Tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae)] in Wight Spec. heilth [?].! / E.S.G [?]". – 5. "= Wight on t. 158 / CB. Clarke" (K 000061383 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/665232.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2016, type of O. nicotianae Wight); 1. "Peninsula Indiae Orientalis / No. / 2408 / Orobanche / Herb. Wight / Distributed at the Royal Gardens, Kew. 1866-7". – 2. " Coimbatore January / 1848". – 3. "Orobanche cernua Loefl. var. desertorum Beck / Flora of Madras / Det. J.S. Gamble / 1922". – 4. "Herbarium Hookerianum / 1867" (K 000061384 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/665233.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2016, type of O. nicotianae Wight); "The plant selected to illustrate the order is extensively distributed in Southern India, in those districts where Tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum L.] is largely cultivated, and is a most abundant injurious weed. In Coimbatore [Kovai / Koyamuttur / Koyambattur / Koimbatore] it is in full perfection in March and April, when the Tobacco crops are approaching matury" (Wight 1850: 178, loc. class. of O. nicotianae Wight); "The Deccan; common in and destructive of tobacco crops [Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae)], Wight." (Hooker 1884: 326).

N.B. "Orobanche cernua is appearing in all the tobacco growing areas in India (Krishnamurthy et al., 1977)" (Dhanapal 1996: 12, sub O. cernua). "Fig. 3. Distribution of Orobanche cernua in India" (Dhanapal 1996: 13, sub O. cernua).

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Iran / Irán / Persia / Persien (Beck 1930: 124, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Gilli 1976: 297, sub O. cernua var. cumana f. holosepala; Gilli 1976: 297, sub O. cernua var. cumana f. tenuisepala)

Hamadan / Hamedān Province: "Persia: W: Ham.: Aq Bolagh-e Aqdaq, 2000 m, Rioux & Golv. AB-392" (Gilli 1976: 297, sub O. cernua var. cumana f. tenuisepala).

North Khorasan Province: "E: Khor.: 30 km W. Bojnurd versus Shahabad, 800 m, Rech. 55552" (Gilli 1976: 297, sub O. cernua var. cumana f. holosepala).

West Azerbaijan Province: "bei Urumia [Urmia / Orumieh] auf schotterigen Hügeln auf Sonchus und bei Dise-samek, im Juli 1884 (J.A. Knapp δ)" (Beck 1930: 124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Persia: W: Azerb.: Khvoy [Khoy / Khoi / Khuy], Assadi in Rech. 44380" (Gilli 1976: 297, sub O. cernua var. cumana f. holosepala).

No precise location: Iran (Tzvelev 1981: 451, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana).

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Iraq / Irak (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 124, sub O. cernua var. cumana)

"C. Haussknecht. Iter Syriaco-Armeniacum 1867. / Orobanche cernua L. / ad radici Artemisiae ... in deserto / Singarae [Singar] / die 6 Mai // 1870 no. 21" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968091 - P 02968091.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438438053; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2015); "Syria: in deserto Singarae [Singar]..." (f. 4 leg. Haussknecht!)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana); "Wüste Singara [Singar]" (Beck 1930: 124, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

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Israel and Palestinian territories [Palestine / Palaestina] (Feinbrun-Dothan 1978: 213, sub O. cernua; Joel 1988, sub O. cumana; Kreutz 1995: 91, sub O. cumana; Ish-Shalom-Gordon & al. 1993, sub O. cumana; Eizenberg & al. 2004, sub O. cumana)

Israel (Joel 1988, sub O. cumana; Kreutz 1995: 91, sub O. cumana; Ish-Shalom-Gordon & al. 1993, sub O. cumana; Eizenberg & al. 2004, sub O. cumana)

Central District: "Bet-Dagan [Beit Dagan, Central District] Experimental Station (coastal plain) ..." (Ish-Shalom-Gordon & al. 1994, sub O. cumana).

Northern District: ... Lower Galilee ... (Feinbrun-Dothan 1978: 213, sub O. cernua); "... Kibbutz Hasolelim [Jezreel Valley Regional Council, Northern District] (lower Galilee)" (Ish-Shalom-Gordon & al. 1994, sub O. cumana); "with host (Helianthus annuus), Bet She'an [Beit She'an, Northern District], Haré Gilboa [Mount Gilboa] (Is), 22-5-1984" (Kreutz 1995: 91, sub O. cumana!); Golan Heights, on tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.] (Paran & al. 1997: 69, sub O. cernua); Bet Dagan [Beit Dagan, Central District] on sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.] (Paran & al. 1997: 69, sub O. cumana); "Kibbutz Bet Hashita Valley [Beit HaShita, Gilboa Regional Council] of Jesrael [on Helianthus annuus L.]" (photos invasive.org...imgnum=0686013, invasive.org...imgnum=0686017 and forestryimages.org...imgnum=0686017 by R. Jacobsohn, Agricultural Research Organization - Invasive.Org - Forestry Images; accessed Jan 2011).

Palestine / Palestina: "Hosts: Artemisia monosperma and other species [see O. cernua]; also irrigated vegetable crops in Lower Jordan Valley and Arava Valley [Arabah / HaArava / Wādī'Araba / Aravah, Great Rift Valley]" (Feinbrun-Dothan 1978: 213, sub O. cernua).

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Italy / Italia / Italien [unconfirmed] (Pignatti 1982, sub O. cernua Loefl. "raram. Helianthus"; Kreutz 1995: 88, sub O. cumana; Conti & al. 2005; Bartolucci & al. 2018: 255, sub O. cumana)

No precise location: "southern Italy" (Kreutz 1995: 88, sub O. cumana).

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Jordan / اَلأُرْدُنّ / Al-'Urdunn / Jordanie / Jordania / Jordanien (Feinbrun-Dothan 1978: 213, sub O. cernua; Musselman 1994: 29, sub O. cernua [tomato]; Al-Khateeb & al. 2003)

"Hosts: ... irrigated vegetable crops in Lower Jordan Valley and Arava Valley [Arabah / HaArava / Wādī'Araba / Aravah, Great Rift Valley]" (Feinbrun-Dothan 1978: 213, sub O. cernua).

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Kazakhstan / Қазақстан / Qazaqstan / Казахстан / Kazajistán / 哈萨克斯坦 (Ledebour 1833: 25, t. 390, loc. class. of O. bicolor C.A. Mey.; Ledebour 1841-1853: 322, sub O. cumana; Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cernua var. bicolor; Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Antonova 2014, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 4, sub O. cumana)

"Hab. in deserto soongoro - kirghisico [Soongoro-Kirghisici (Dzungaria - Kashgar)] occidentali hinc inde in locis argillosis atque in locis sabulosis ad ripam rivuli Tschaganka [Tschuganka] versus radicem montis Tschingistau [Tschingistan] [Eastern Kazakhstan / Kazakstan]" (Ledebour 1833: 25, t. 390, loc. class. of O. bicolor C.A. Mey.; Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cernua var. bicolor); "Sibiriae altaicae deserto soongoro - kirghisico! (Fl. Alt., Karel. et Kiril [Karel. et Kiril Enum. pl. Fl. alt. No. 675])" (Ledebour 1841-1853: 321, sub O. bicolor); "Native of Altaia, in the Soongarian desert, in argillaceous and sandy soil, on the banks of the river Tschunganka, towards the foor of Mount Tschingistan" (Don 1838: 631, sub O. bicolor); "Sibir. alt. [Altaic Siberia]" (Steudel 1841: 230, sub O. bicolor); "1801. 1803. Orobanche bicolor C.A.M. / In praeruptis arenosis ad fl. Lepsa [Lepsy River] in Songoria [Dzungaria]; — in salsis inter Usunbulak et Gorkoi piket. / leg. Karelin et Kiriloff a. 1841 / Soc. Imp. Nat. Gur. Mosqu." (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968094 - P 02968094.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437439676; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2015); idem (CVH 10263; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja, Dec. 2016); "Ledebour // Orobanche bicolor  / C.A. Meyer / Altai" (CVH 10263; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2016); "ad flum. Lepsa [Lepsy River] in Soongaria, in salsis inter Usunbulak et Gorkoipiket (Karelin et Kiriloff!") (Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cernua var. bicolor); "Orobanche cumana / Alatan [Alatau / Ala-Too / Алатау / Ала-Тоо / Алатау, North East of Kazakhstan] / Schrenk // In deserto Kirghisico vel in montibus / Tarbagatai [Tarbagatai Mountains] aut Ala-Tan Cl. Schrenk, 1840 / Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968108 - P 02968108.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437943947; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014); "Orobanche cumana Warrl. / Soongoria / Habui ab Annesikob [?]" (coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968105 - P 02968105.jpg - hb. E. Drake - gbif.org/occurrence/438276971; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014); "Orobanche arenaria M. Bieb. / Songaria [?] Claus. 47 // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968107 - P 02968107.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438609611; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014); "Siberia altaica: in deserto soongoro - kirghisico [Soongoro-Kirghisici, East Kazakhstan Region] m. Alatau! (Schrenk pl. exs.)" (Ledebour 1841-1853: 322, sub O. cumana); "am untern Uralflusse [Atyrau, Kazakhstan?] 18. Juni 1840 (specimen unicum)" (Bunge 1851: 430, sub O. cumana); "Songhoria: f. 4 ad fl. Lepsa [Lepsy River] inter Usunbulak et Gorkoi picket (Karelin et Kiriloff), inter Kocksu et Karatul, prope Tarba-gatai, Alakul et Saduk et prope Dschisdy-King (leg. Schrenk)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana); "Shungurei: bei Alakulj (Bienert)" [Songaria / Soogaria / Zhungaria / Dzungaria]" (Beck 1930: 128, loc. class. of O. cernua var. cumana f. holosepala); "Turkestan / Türkistan" (Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana); Kazakhstan (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

East Kazakhstan Region / Шығыс Қазақстан облысы / Восточно-Казахстанская область: "Semipalatinskiy [Semey / Semeı / Семей / Semipalatinsk / Семипалатинск / Alash-kala / Алаш-қала]", 50°25'43.2"N 80°17'03.9"E, 10 Aug 2020 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/56342878 by Сергей Богданов [Sergey Bogdanov] in iNaturalist; accessed Oct 2020).

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Kyrgyzstan / Kirguistán / Кыргызстан / Киргизия (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana)

Kyrgyzstan (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Цветущее растение (форма, лишённая синего пигмента). Киргизия, Чуйская обл [Chui region], северный склон Киргизского хр. 25 июня 2009 г." (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/225740.html by Александр Науменко [Alexander Naumenko] 2014; растение определил(а) Холгер Улих [Holger Uhlich] in Plantarium, accessed Dec 2014).

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Moldova / Moldavia / Молдавия (Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cumana; Reichenbach 1862: 107, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 4, sub O. cumana; Duca & al. 2018, sub O. cumana)

"Bessarabia" (Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cumana); "Podolia [Podilia / Podillya / Поділля / Подолье] australi a Bessero indicata" (Reichenbach 1862: 107, sub O. cumana); Moldova (Sharova 1968); "Ju" (Greuter & al. 1989: 258, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana); "in 1981, 230 flowers of the parasite were registered on one plant in Komrat [Conrat, Gagauzia] district of Moldova in some sunflower fields" (Yakutkin 2003-2009). "The first documents that attest to the presence of broomrape in Moldova date back to 1863 just after the start of the sunflower crop in 1840. At the beginning of 1970s, a new broomrape race, called Moldovan race or race C, was identified for the first time by Sharova (Sharova, 1977). Furthermore, a short historical investigation revealed the appearance of new physiological races of O. cumana in the Eastern part of Europe (former USSR) between 1970 and 1980 and only later the parasite migrated to Western Europe (Antonova, 2014). This data demonstrates co-evolution of the broomrape with its host, sunflower" (Duca & al. 2018, sub O. cumana).

Transnistria / Transdniestria / Pridnestrovie / Приднестровье / Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic / Приднестровская Молдавская Республика

"Цветущее растение. Приднестровье, Слободзейский р-н [Transnistria, Slobodzeya district], поле подсолнечника [sunflower field]. 17.07.2019" (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/628293.html by Алексей Кобак [Alexey Kobak] 2019; растение определил(а) Наталья Смурова [Natalya Smurova] in Plantarium, accessed Oct 2020).

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Mongolia / Монгол улс / 蒙古国 (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Tzvelev 1981: 451, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana)

"Mongolia: f. 4: Oasis Nija 1500 m, Oasis Keria, in decliv. N. Thianschan, prope Zaidam (leg. Przewalski)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Mongolia (Tzvelev 1981: 451, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

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Morocco / المغرب‎, / Marruecos / Marokko (Nabloussi & al. 2018: 457, sub O. cumana)

Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Region

Kénitra Province: "It was not until 2016 that sunflower broomrape was observed for the first time in Morocco, when some sunflower fields were heavily infested with this parasite in the area of Souk Al Arbaa (34°41′N, 5°59′W, 37 m above sea level), in the province of Kenitra ... the name of the Souk Al Arbaa (Province of Kenitra) population is proposed as race GKE" (Nabloussi & al. 2018: 457, sub O. cumana).

"Also in northern Africa" (Kreutz 1995: 88 [unconfirmed]).

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Nepal / 尼泊尔 (Dhanapal 1996: 14, sub O. cernua; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana)

N.B. "In Nepal, Orobanche cernua was reported attacking tobacco by Sahu and Sinha (1983)" (Dhanapal 1996: 14, sub O. cernua).

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North Macedonia / Република Северна Македонија / Македонија / Mazedonien / Macédoine [former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Yugoslavia / Jugoslavia)] (Nikolov 2020: 20, sub O. cumana)

Northeastern statistical region / Североисточен Регион: "Kumanovo [Куманово] (village Romanovce [Романовце]): along the black road that leads from the highway to the locality "Krasta", sunflower crops, 300 m a.s.l., 26.06.2017 (Leg./Det. Z. Nikolov)" (Nikolov 2020: 20, sub O. cumana).

Southwestern Statistical Region / Југозападен Регион: "Mt. Galičica (Suvopolje: Poljce) (Černjavski, 1943)" (Nikolov 2020: 20, sub O. cumana).

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Pakistan / Pakistán / Paquistán (Jafri, O. cernua [s.l.] in Flora of Pakistan Online - efloras.org, "Orobanche cumana Walk. is a smaller form, c. 6.5 mm tall ... but insertion of stamens in the middle of corolla-tube is very distinctive. A fairly common. taxon from hills to plains in our area."; accessed Jan 2017)

Punjab Province: "C-7 Campbellpur Dist. [Attock Dist.]: parasitic on tobacco and Petunia species, flowers blue, April 1934, R.R. Stewart 13788 (RAW)" (Jafri, O. cernua in Flora of Pakistan Online - efloras.org; accessed Jan 2017).

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Portugal (González-Cantón & al. 2019, sub O. cumana)

Baixo Alentejo (BAl): "In June 2017, broomrape was observed in a sunflower field near Serpa (37°55′N, 7°31′W, 198 m above sea level), in the Alentejo region" (González-Cantón & al. 2019, sub O. cumana).

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Romania / Rumanía / Roumanie / România / Rumänien (Beck 1930: 123, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Vrânceanu & al. 1980; Pacureanu-Joita & al., 1998; Gagne 1998; Dicu & al. 2011, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 4, sub O. cumana)

Sud-Est: "Rumänien: δ Lacul sarat bei Braila [Brăila County], im August (Prodan) und in der Dobrudscha [Dobruja]: δ bei Cerna voda [Cernavodă, Constanța County], Tschirghial [Techirghiol, Constanța County], im Juli (Prodan)" (Beck 1930: 123, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Buzău", Lipia, 45°07'13.9"N 26°44'27.2"E, 13 jul 2016 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3671086 by Ioana Mita in iNaturalist; accessed Oct 2020).

Sud-Vest Oltenia: "Hortus Botanicus Universitatis Craiovensis / Craiova — Republica Socialista Romania / Flora Olteniae Exsiccata / 1014. Orobanche cumana Wallr. / ... / Oltenia [Lesser Wallachia], dist. Dolj. Habitat ad radices planta hospitae / Helianthus annuus, prope vicum Ghindeni. Alt. cca. 130 m.s.m. / 15.VII.1966. / Leg. et det. M. Paun" (PE 01463803; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020); idem (https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/AMD.84058 - AMD 84058.jpg - https://www.europeana.eu/es/item/11647/_Botany_AMD_84058; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020).

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Russia / Rusia / Россия / 俄罗斯 (Wallroth 1825: 58, loc. class. of O. cumana; Ledebour 1841-1853: 322, sub O. cumana; Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cumana; Beck 1890: 144, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 80[75], sub O. cumana; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Antonova 2014, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 4, sub O. cumana)

"Hab. in Rossia australi [ad Tanain (Henning), pr. Astrachan (M. a Bieb.), in deserto caspio (Tauscher ex (M. a Bieb.)] et cumanensi (M. a Bieb.) et provinciis caucasicis [pr. Stawropol (Stavropol / Stauropolis)] (C.A. Meyer), ad fl. Terek [Terek River, loc. class. of O. sabulosa Steven]! (Steven pl. exs.)]..." (Ledebour 1841-1853: 322, sub O. cumana); "In Tatarisch [Tatarstan, Russia]-Grusien [Georgia] und Schirwan [Shirvan, Azerbaijan] auf Beifuss [Artemisia], 500-800' hoch." (Koch 1849: 670, sub O. comana); "Rossia: f. 4 ... Gub. Astrachan (! Astrachan, Bogdo; Sarepta), Gub. Saratow (! Kamyschin), Gub. Simbirsk (! Syssan), Gub. Perm! in montibus Uralensibus!, Gub. Orenburg!" (Beck 1890: 144, sub O. cernua f. cumana); «Sands in the lower reaches of the Volga and on the Kuma rivers ("In arena mobili deserti astracanici et cumani"). ... "O. arenaria M. In arena mobili ad Wolgam versus Astrachan lecta, 1803"» [Astrakhan Oblast] (Tzvelev 1981: 451, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana); Russia (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana). "Растения на ракушечной косе. Ейский полуостров, коса Долгая [Yeisk Peninsula, Spit, Krasnodar Krai / Краснода́рский край / Krasnodarsky kray]. 07.06.2012. / Андрей Любченко [Andrei Lyubchenko] 2012 ... Цветущее растение, паразитирующее на дурнишнике [parasitizing Xanthium sp.]. Астраханская обл., Камызякский р-н [Astrakhan Oblast, Kamyzyaksky district], с. Чаган, берег р. Чаган. 11.08.2011. / Владимир Папченков [Vladimir Papchenkov], 2012; растение определил(а) Андрей Ковальчук [Andriy Kovalchuk] ... Цветущее растение, паразитирующее на Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. [A. scoparioides Grossh.], на травертиновом склоне. Ставропольский край, Пятигорск, гора Машук [Stavropol / Stauropolis, Pyatigorsk, Mashuk Mount]. 27.07.2008 / Сергей Банкетов [Sergey Banquetov], 2011 ... Цветущее растение (паразитирует на Helianthus annuus). Север Кубани, станица шкуринская [North of Kuban, Shkurinskaya village, Krasnodar Krai / Краснода́рский край / Krasnodarsky kray], поле с подсолнечником. 22.07.2011 / Андрей Любченко [Andrei Lyubchenko] 2011" (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/25913.html - Plantarium, accessed Sep 2012).

Central Federal District / Центральный федеральный округ

Voronezh Oblast / Воронежская область: "The first report on mass infestation of sunflower with broomrape in Russia appeared in Voronezh in 1866 (A. Oldamov, Voronezh provincial gazette, 62)" (Antonova 2014, sub O. cumana); "Павловский р-н [Pavlovsky District, 50°28'40.8"N 40°24'36.6"E]", 26 Jul 2021 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/88845572 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3333513303 by Александр Химин [Alexander Khimin], accessed Mar 2022); Павловский р-н [Pavlovsky District, 50°28'44.2"N 40°24'32.5"E]", 26 Jul 2021 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/88846234 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3333517309 by Александр Химин [Alexander Khimin], accessed Mar 2022 [on Helianthus annuus]); Voronezh Oblast / Воронежская область [unconfirmed]: "Новохоперский р-н [Novokhopyorsky District, 51°17'31.8"N 41°30'01.0"E 51.292164, 41.500267], 6 Ago 2022" (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/129666553 by Valentina Kostina, sub O. hederae, in iNaturalist; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2023 [O. cernua aggr. (O. cf. cumana)]).

North Caucasian Federal District / Северо-Кавказский федеральный округ

Dagestan / Daghestan / Республика Дагестан (formerly Дагестанская АССР / Dagestan SSSR): "Daghestan [Republic of Dagestan]: bei Tezir jurt im Mai (Lipsky δ, £); im Distr. Dargi bei Ametherk, bei 1170 m Seehöhe, im Juli (Alexeenko δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

Kabardino-Balkar Republic / Кабардино-Балкарская Республика: Orobanche cumana Wallr., Кабардино-Балкарская АССР (Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), 15.VII.70[1970], Собр. Н. Кириллина [Coll. N. Kirillina] (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723467 - MW 0723467.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018 [the hairy specimens seem to correspond to O. coerulescens]); Orobanche cumana?, Кабардино-Балкария, 9.07.1932. Собр. Арсеньев В.А. [Arseniev V.A.] (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723466 - MW 0723466.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018).

Republic of North Ossetia-Alania / Республика Северная Осетия-Алания / Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон-Алани: O. cumana Wallr., Северо-Осетинская АССР, Алагирское ущелье, А.М. Амирханов [A.M. Amirkhanov] (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723468 - MW 0723468.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018 [the sheet contains three specimens, the left specimen appears to correspond to P. arenaria and the two specimens from right to O. cumana])

Stavropol Krai / Ставропольский край: "Novo-Alexandrovskaia [Novoalexandrovsk / Новоалександровск] / 17 Mai 40 // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968107 - P 02968107.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - gbif.org/occurrence/438609611; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014); "prope Stauropolim" [Stavropol / Stauropolis] (Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cumana); "Hab. Bei Nowo - Alexandrowsk [Novoalexandrovsk / Новоалександровск] 17. Mai (specimen unicum), Kulagina am untern Uralflusse [Atyrau, Kazakhstan?] 18. Juni 1840 (specimen unicum)" (Bunge 1851: 430, sub O. cumana); "Caucasus ad Stavropol (Stawropol / Stauropolis)] (C.A. Mey!)" (Boissier 1879: 545, sub O. cumana); "im Distrikte Stawropol [Stavropol Krai] bei Stawropol (Lipsky δ), Sergjewskoje (Akinfiew δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Соцветие (паразитирует на Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit.). Ставропольский край, Пятигорск, гора Машук [Stavropol / Stauropolis, Pyatigorsk, Mashuk Mount]. 27.07.2008" (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/113081.html and plantarium.ru/page/image/id/113082.html by Сергей Банкетов [Sergey Banquetov] 2011; растение определил(а) Холгер Улих in Plantarium, accessed Sep 2012).

Siberian Federal District / Сиби́рский федера́льный о́круг / Sibirsky federalny okrug

Irkutsk Oblast / Ирку́тская о́бласть / Irkutskaya oblast: "Sibiria orienttali prope Ust Balei [Irkutsk Oblast]" (Trautvetter 1871: 26, loc. class. of O. glaucantha).

Southern Federal District / Южный федеральный округ

Astrakhan Oblast / Астраханская область / Astrakhanskaya oblast: "Habitat in arenâ mobili deserti astracanensis atque cumani" (Marschall von Bieberstein 1808: 83, sub O. arenaria); "In arena mobili deserti astracanici et cumani" (Wallroth 1825: 58, loc. class. of O. cumana); "O. arenaria M. In arena mobili ad Wolgam versus Astrachan lecta, 1803" (Tzvelev 1981: 329[451], LE type of O. cumana); "Orob. arenaria M. Bieb. / ad radices Xanthii strumarii [Xanthium strumarium L. (Compsitae)] / ad Wolgam / Claus // Regio Caspica. / Claus. Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968103 - P 02968103.jpg - Hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437611250; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Feb 2012 [type?]); "A. Becker pl. Wolga infer. [Astrakhan Oblast] Ed. R.F. Hohenacker. / 83. Orobanche cumana Wallr.-Beck / In radibus Artemisiae austriaca [Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (A. repens Willd.)], fragantis / et Xanthii strumarii [Xanthium strumarium L.], Juli. m." (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968104 - P 02968104.jpg - Hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438276970; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Feb 2012); idem (https://bioportal.naturalis.nl/specimen/WAG.1141225 - WAG 1141225.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2020); "Orobanche cumana Wallr.-Beck / In radibus Artemisiae austriaca [Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (A. repens Willd.)], fragantis / et Xanthii strumarii [Xanthium strumarium L.], July. / fl. Wolga infererior [Astrakhan Oblast] / R.F. Hohenacker" (https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2817612 - L 2817612.jpg - Europeana.eu/es/item/11651/_Botany_L_2817612; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020); "A. Becker pl. Wolga infer. [Astrakhan Oblast] Ed. R.F. Hohenacker. / 83. Orobanche" (https://bioportal.naturalis.nl/specimen/WAG.1141224 - WAG 1141225.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2020); "Orobanche cumana Wallr. / ... Xanthium strumarium / ad ostia Wolgae [Astrakhan Oblast] ... 12 Juni // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968106 - P 02968106.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437278575; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014); t. 691 f. 926 ["Caucaso: Blume, ex herb. cl.Trevirani"] f. 927 ["Specimen Wallrothianum"] (Reichenbach 1829: 45, sub O. cumana); "Астраханская обл., Камызякский р-н [Kamyzyaksky district], с. Чаган, берег р. Чаган. 11.08.2011" (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/123788.html by Владимир Папченков [Vladimir Papchenkov] 2012; растение определил(а) Андрей Ковальчук [Andriy Kovalchuk] in Plantarium, accessed Sep 2012).

Krasnodar Krai / Краснодарский край / Krasnoyarsk Krai / Krasnoyarsky kray / Krasnodarsky kray / Кубань / Kuban: "in Ciskaukasien: im Gub. Kuban: auf der Halbinsel Taman (Lipsky δ, γ), bei Noworossisk an sandigen Stellen im Juli (Radde δ), bei Anapa (Lipsky δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); Краснодарский край (Krasnodar Krai), 26.06.1960. Собр. Смирнова [Coll. Smirnova] (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723465 - MW 0723465.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018); Краснодарский край (Krasnodar Krai), 25.06.1993. Собр. А. Щербаков [Coll. A. Scherbakov] (plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723464 - MW 0723464.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018 [apparently on Lactuca serriola L. (see O. grenieri)]); ibidem (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0723463 - MW 0723463.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018 [apparently on Lactuca serriola L. (see O. grenieri)]); "Растения на ракушечной косе. Ейский полуостров [Yeysky District], коса Долгая. 07.06.2012." (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/137287.html, id/457484 et id/457483 by Андрей Любченко [Andrei Lyubchenko] in Plantarium, accessed Dec 2016); "Цветущее растение (паразитирует на Helianthus annuus). Север Кубани, станица Шкуринская [North of Kuban, Shkurinskaya village], поле с подсолнечником. 22.07.2011" (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/98748.html and id/98749 by Андрей Любченко [Andrei Lyubchenko] 2011; растение определил(а) Андрей Ковальчук [Andriy Kovalchuk] in Plantarium, accessed Sep 2012).

Republic of Kalmykia / Республика Калмыкия: "... Orobanche cumana Wallr. / ... Лаганский [Lagansky] ... N44.87220 E46.68366 [44°52'19.9"N 46°41'01.2"E] / ... 8.06.2011. Leg.: Степанова Н. [Stepanova N.] / Det.: Степанова Н. / Nº 2011-06m153-5015" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MHA0007616 - MHA 0007616.jpg  - https...MHA0007616/img/0.jpg?original=3d503c93-4825-409b-9ad5-ec59211935d3 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3345585003; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Feb 2022); "... Orobanche cumana Wallr. / ... Черноземельский район [Chernozemelsky District], / ... Кумской [Kumskoi] ... / on Artemisia lercheana Weber ex Stechm. [= Seriphidium lercheanum var. astrachanicum (Kazak.) Y.R. Ling] / ... N44.98602 E46.02677 [44°59'09.7"N 46°01'36.4"E] / ... 11.06.2011. Leg.: Степанова Н. [Stepanova N.] / Det.: Степанова Н. / Nº 2011-06m203-5014" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MHA0007615 - MHA 0007615.jpg - https...MHA0007615/img/0.jpg?original=6b7b104a-4ffc-492d-90fe-4257d859efad - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3345585002; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Feb 2022).

Rostov Oblast / Росто́вская о́бласт: "Gub. der Donschen Kosaken: am Don [Дон] bei Butajsk auf Xanthium spinosum [Xanthium spinosum L. (Compsitae)] (Paczoski δ) und bei Taganrog [Таганрог] (Schmalhausen δ) im Kreise Ustj-Medwedizkaja [Serafimowitsch / Серафимович] und Taganrog [Таганрог] (J. Novopokrovsky n. 746!) auf Helianthus annuus" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); Rostov region (Antonova & al. 2012); "Тип (typus varietatis): «Близ ст. Верблюд, Се-веро-Кавказской железн [North Caucasus Railway]. дороги, Ростовская селекционная станция [Rostov Oblast / Росто́вская о́бласть], на Helianthus annuus L., 26 VII 1949, № 65, И. В. Новопокровский» (LE, cum 2 iso)" (Tzvelev 2015: 215, type of O. cumana var. helianthi).

Volgograd Oblast / Волгоградская область / Volgogradskaya oblast: "A. Becker. Plantae astrachanicae / Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Sarepta [Old Sarepta / Старая Сарепта, now part of Volgograd / Волгоград / Tsaritsyn / Цари́цын / Stalingrad / Сталингра́д]. Junio" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968103 - P 02968103.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437611250; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Feb 2012); "Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Rossia australis: Sarepta [Old Sarepta / Старая Сарепта, now part of Volgograd] Paras, supra rad. / Nicotianae rusticae [Nicotiana rustica L. (Solanaceae)]. M. Junii / 1883 leg. A. Becker // 105" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p04410446 - P 04410446.jpg - gbif.org/occurrence/464833179; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2016); "Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Herb. Dr. a Kühlewein. / ad Nicot. Tabac. / Sarepta [Old Sarepta / Старая Сарепта, now part of Volgograd] / leg. A. Becker" (COI 00056874 - herb. Willkommii; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020); "Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Sarepta / [1883 leg.] A. Becker " (https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2817613 - L 2817613.jpg - https://www.europeana.eu/es/item/11651/_Botany_L_2817613; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020); "cernua Loefl. // Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Flora rossica / Sarepta / leg. A. Becker 1889" (https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/AMD.84059 - AMD 84059.jpg - https://www.europeana.eu/es/item/11647/_Botany_AMD_84059; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020); "Sarepta / Rieder / Orobanches // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968108 - P 02968108.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437943947; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014); "Sarepta (in Xanthio strumario) Becker!" (Reichenbach 1862: 107, sub O. cumana); "Herbier de Ch. d'Alleizette / ... / Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Russie Méridionale Sarepta / Mai 1908" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/clf/collection/clf/item/clf170338 - CLF 170338.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2018); " im Gub. Astrachan [Astrakhan Oblast]: bei Astrachan, Bogdo, Sarepta [now part of Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast], Dolban an der Mündung der Wolga [Astrakhan Oblast] auf Artemisia maritima [Artemisia santonicum L. (A. maritima var. boschniakiana Besser) ?], im Juni (Paczoski δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); Ilovlinsky District, 49°06'27.4"N 44°07'17.8"E, 20 Jun 2016 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20389306 by Dmitriy Bochkov in iNaturalist; accessed Oct 2020).

Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District / Приво́лжский федера́льный о́круг / Privolzhsky federalny okrug

Orenburg Oblast / Оренбу́ргская о́бласть / Orenburgskaya oblast: "Gub. Orenburg [Orenburg Oblast]" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Оренбургская обл.", Oktyabrsky District / Октябрьский район, 52°13'32.0"N 55°16'32.0"E, 25 Jul 2020 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54280588 by artem2013 in iNaturalist; accessed Oct 2020).

Perm Krai / Пе́рмский край: "Gub. Perm [Perm Krai] und im Ural" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

Saratov Oblast / Сара́товская о́бласть / Saratovskaya oblast: "Gub. Saratow [Saratov Oblast]: bei Saratoff, Kamyschin, Zarizyn (Persidski δ) usw." (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "3792 ... / Prov. Saratov. Prope opp. Chvalynsk [Khvalynsk / Хвалынск] ad radices Helianthi annui L. [Helianthus annuus] Leg. K. Gross / 1923.VII.29" (PE 01463804; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2020); 4.08.2007. Вольский район [Volsky District] ... / Orobanche cumana Wallr. / N 257 ... на подсолнечнике [on sunflower] / Leg.-Det. Киреев Е.А. [Kireev E.A.] (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0513862 - MW 0513862.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1697662925; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020).

Tatarstan Republic / Республика Татарстан / Татарстан Республикасы: "In Tatarisch [Tatarstan / Республика Татарстан, Russia]-Grusien [Georgia] und Schirwan [Shirvan, Azerbaijan] auf Beifuss [Artemisia], 500-800' hoch." (Koch 1849: 670, sub O. comana)

Ulyanovsk Oblast / Улья́новская о́бласть / Ulyanovskaya oblast: "Gub. Simbirsk [Ulyanovsk Oblast]: bei Syssan (Kolakowsky δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

Krim / Crimea / Крымский полуостров / Кримський півострів / Tauria / Tauris / Ταυρική [Autonomous Republic of Crimea / Автономная Республика Крым - Республика Крым / Republic of Crimea] (formerly Crimean ASSR / Крымская АССР) [Ukraine / Russia]

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Serbia / Srbija / Србија (Dedić & al. 2009, sub O. cumana; Škorić & al. 2010: 64; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 5, sub O. cumana)

Southern and Eastern Serbia / Јужна и источна Србија: "In 2008, the broomrape was detected in Bor County in eastern Serbia" (Dedić & al. 2009, sub O. cumana).

Vojvodina / Војводина: "According to Aćimović (1998), the broomrape occurred in Serbia in early 1950s ... According to Maširević (2001) the region most endangered by broomrape in Vojvodina is Bačka, the parasite spreading between Bačka Topola and Subotica" (Dedić & al. 2009, sub O. cumana).

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Slovakia / Slovensko / Eslovaquia / Slowakei (Dostál 1989; Marhold & Hindák 1998)

Slovakia (Cagáň 2006); "Slovakia" (Domina & Raab-Straube 2010, sub O. cumana).

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Spain / España / Espagne / Spanien (Díaz Celayeta 1974; Velayos 1978; González Torres & al. 1982; Castejón Muñoz, Romero Muñoz & García Torres 1989; Cubero 1994: 466, "The presence of O. cernua Loefl. (syn. O. cumana Wallr.) in Spain is a rather recent phenomenon, the first reference dating back to 1958"; Gagne 1998; Pujadas & Velasco 2000: 517-519, sub O. cumana; Pujadas & al. 2007; Fernández Escobar & al. 2009; Pineda Martos 2014, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015)

Andalusia / Andalucía (López Granados & García Torres 1992; García Torres & al. 1994: 625, f. 2).

Cádiz (Ca): Jerez ... Villamartín ... (García Torres & al. 1994: 625, f. 2); "Puerto Serrano, on cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), 3.vi.1989, J. Oliveira (COA 13524). Jerez de la Frontera, vii.1995, J. Fernández Escobar, CA195 (COA 28285)" (Pujadas & Velasco 2000: 517, sub O. cumana).

Cordova / Córdoba (Co): Bujalance ... Sta. Cruz ... (García Torres & al. 1994: 625, f. 2); "Valle del Guadalquivir: de Espejo a Montemayor, c. Ermita Dos Hermanas, 30SUG5768, A. Pujadas & J. Fuertes, COA 33962" (Pujadas & al., 2007: 14); "Córdoba, Finca Ruano, on cultivated sunflower, 9.vi.1993, F. Cartujo (COA 17472). Córdoba, Parque Cruz Conde, 16.vi.1994, P. Blanco (COA 17471). Córdoba, near Airport, on cultivated sunflower, 30.vi.1996, A. Lora (COA 22078). Córdoba, Huerta de San Luis, on cultivated sunflower, 30SVG4092, 2.vii.1996, A. Lora & A. Pujadas (COA 22077). Córdoba, Cortijo del Pardito, on cultivated sunflower, 30SUG4377, 16.vii.1996, A. Moyano & A. Pujadas (COA 22115). Puente Genil, vii.1994, J. Alvarado, CO194 (COA 28286). Córdoba, vii.1996, J.M. Melero, CO196 (COA 28287)" (Pujadas & Velasco 2000: 517, sub O. cumana); Córdoba, campos de cultivo, terrenos baldíos (photos [Orobanche sp. 3 de 3] by José Zafra, accessed Oct 2013).

Granada (Gr): "1986-89: ...O. cernua heavily infested ... sunflower area ... and Huescar (Granada province)" (García Torres & al. 1994: 625); "Atarfe, on cultivated sunflower (oilseed), 14.ix.1995, A. Pujadas (COA 17629)" (Pujadas & Velasco 2000: 517, sub O. cumana).

Huelva (H): "Campiña de Huelva y Condado-Aljarafe: Escacena, 23-VI-2005, E. Sánchez-Gullón, COA 33961" (Pujadas & al. 2007: 14).

Málaga (Ma): "1978-82: O. cernua spread ... sunflower area ... and Fuente Piedra (Malaga province; Gonzalez Torres & al., 1982)" (García Torres & al. 1994: 624); Campillos ... (García Torres & al. 1994: 625, f. 2); "Fuente de Piedra, [Los] Llanos de Antequera (E), 26-4-1994" (Kreutz 1995: 90-91, sub O. cumana!); "Antequera, on cultivated sunflower (oilseed), 3.vi.1989, J. Oiveira (COA 13569). Campillos, on cultivated sunflower (confectionery), 13.vi.1989, J. Oliveira (COA 13525). Between Campillos and Antequera, 20 km, on cultivated sunflower (oilseed), 13.vi.1989, J. Oliveira (COA 13568). Near Laguna de Fuente de Piedra, on cultivated sunflower, 8.vi.1995, A. Lora & A. Pujadas (COA 17628)." (Pujadas & Velasco 2000: 517-518, sub O. cumana).

Seville / Sevilla (Se): "1986-89: ...O. cernua heavily infested ... sunflower area ... at El Coronil (Seville province)" (García Torres & al. 1994: 625); Lebrija ... Utrera ... Marchena ... Écija ... (García Torres & al. 1994: 625, f. 2); "El Coronil, on cultivated sunflower, 16.vi.1986, L. García Torres (COA 13636). Morón to El Coronil, 9 km, on cultivated sunflower (oilseed), 2.vii.1987, J. Oliveira (COA 13624). El Coronil to Morón, 7 km, on cultivated sunflower (oilseed), 2.vii.1987, J. Oliveira (COA 13633). El Coronil to Utrera, 15 km, on cultivated sunflower (confectionery), 2.vii.1987, J. Oliveira (COA 13645). Osuna, 1.vii.1988, J. Oliveira, COA 28295. El Coronil to Montellano, 10 km, on cultivated sunflower (oilseed), 1.vii.1988, J. Oliveira (COA 13533). El Coronil to El Arahal, 12 km, on cultivated sunflower (confectionery), 1.vii.1988, J. Oliveira (COA 13629). El Coronil to Acabalas, 10 km, on cultivated sunflower (oilseed), 1.vii.1988, J. Oliveira (COA 13643). Montellano, on cultivated sunflower (confectionery), 13.vi.1989, J. Oliveira (COA 13618). Osuna, vii.1989, J. Oliveira (COA 28296). Écija, Sotillo Gallego, vii.1993, J.M. Melero, SE193 (COA 28290). Écija, Finca Pavía, vii.1994, J. Fernández, SE194 (COA 28293). Écija to Herrera, 24 km, on cultivated sunflower, 18.v.1995, A. Pujadas (COA 17460). Écija, Finca Mencáa, vii.1996, J.M. Melero, SE296 (COA 28292). Écija to Estepa, 3 km, 1.vii.1996, A. Pujadas, A. Lora & A. Jiménez (COA 22079). Herrera to Écija, 3 km, 1.vii.1996, A. Pujadas, A. Lora & A. Jiménez (COA 22080). Aznalcázar, near Guadiamar river, on cultivated sunflower, 29SQB4232, 22.xii.1998, A. Pujadas & M. del Río (COA 27749). Cañada del Rosal, vii.1998, J.A. Sainz de Tejada (COA 28291). Écija, viii.1998, J.A. Sainz de Tejada (COA 28294)" (Pujadas & Velasco 2000: 518-519, sub O. cumana).

Castile and León / Castilla y León (Fernández Escobar & al. 2009).

Valladolid (Va): "Medina del Campo" (Fernández Escobar & al. 2009).

Castile-La Mancha / Castilla-La Mancha (Díaz Celayeta 1974; Sobrino Vesperinas & Martínez Abad 1980; García Torres & al. 1994)

Albacete (A): "Camino Villalgordo, 4, 02329 Casas de Lázaro [38°46'19.7"N 2°14'20.4"W] ... Between planted sunflowers", 8 Ago 2017 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7425185 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2563710981 by Fernando Useros López in iNaturalist; accessed Oct 2020).

Cuenca (Cu): Cuenca (Sobrino Vesperinas & Martínez Abad 1980); "1978-82: O. cernua spread ... sunflower area of Cuenca ..." (García Torres & al. 1994: 624); "Villarejo de Penesteban, viii.1992, J.M. Melero, CU192 (COA 28288). Alcázar del Rey, ix.1994, J.M. Melero, CU494, (COA 28289). Km. 17,800 of Cuenca road, 2.viii.1978, M. Velayos (MACB 47083)" (Pujadas & Velasco 2000: 517); Cuenca, Barajas de Melo, M. Velayos (Flora iberica, sub O. cernua [on Helianthus annuus L.], accessed Dec 2010); Cuenca (Fernández Escobar & al. 2009); Municipality of Almendros, between la Noria and Saleguillas (at km 5, CM-3011, Almendros-Casas Luján), parasitic on Scorzonera laciniata L. in an ancient terrace-cultivation, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0047/2007, 12 May 2007 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 12840) [N.B. this is the first record of O. cumana parasitizing a wild plant in the Iberian Peninsula]; Barajas de Melo, Barranco del Robledal (al comienzo del camino que va hacia la Tinada del Picazo de Valverde, pr. Barajas de Melo [La Alcarria]), 30TWK0538, 725 m, sobre (!) Artemisia herba-alba, en talud herboso, yesoso, soleado, bajo el camino, G. Moreno Moral MM0057/2013, 19-V-2013 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 13855 [N.B. new wild host-plant in the Iberian Peninsula]); Barajas de Melo, Barranco del Robledal (al comienzo del camino que va hacia la Tinada del Picazo de Valverde, después del cruce con el del Barranco de Valhondo, pr. Barajas de Melo), 30TWK0638, 740 m, sobre (!) Artemisia herba-alba, en talud herboso, yesoso, soleado, bajo el camino, G. Moreno Moral MM0058/2013, 19-V-2013 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 13856); Barajas de Melo, vertiente sur del Cerro de la Grajera (pr. Barajas de Melo), 30TWK0640, 740 m, parásita de Artemisia herba-alba en rellano soleado al pie de la serrezuela, G. Moreno Moral MM0059/2013, 19-V-2013 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 13857); Barajas de Melo, vertiente sur del Cerro de la Grajera (pr. Barajas de Melo), 30TWK0640, 740 m, parásita de A. herba-alba en rellano soleado al pie de la serrezuela, L. Carlón & G. Moreno Moral, 14-VI-2013 (obs.); Barajas de Melo, Barranco del Robledal (al comienzo del camino que va hacia la Tinada del Picazo de Valverde, pr. Barajas de Melo [La Alcarria]), 30TWK0538, 725 m, parásita de A. herba-alba, en talud herboso, yesoso, soleado, bajo el camino, L. Carlón & G. Moreno Moral, 14-VI-2013 (obs. [muy pocos ejemplares]).

Toledo (To): Díaz Celayeta 1974; Gonzalez Torres & al. 1982; García Torres & al. 1994: 624, "1958: O. cernua was first observed in Toledo ... (Díaz Celayeta, 1974)"; Fernández Escobar & al. 2009.

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Syria / Sūriyya / Sūryā / Siria / Syrien

"Professor C. Haussknecht. Iter orientale 1867 / Orobanche cernua L. / in desrto fl. Chabur. [Khabur / Habur, Mesopotamia Mars - Juin 1867] dieb. Mai" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968091 - P 02968091.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438438053; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2015); "Syria: ... et fl. Chabur [Khabur River] (f. 4 leg. Haussknecht!)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana); "in der Wüste Singara und am Flusse Chabur (Haussknecht δ)." (Beck 1930: 124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Mesopotamien: bei Tell Halaf in der Steppe bei Haus, im Mai (Kohkl! in der Expedition Frh. v. Oppenheim) [Tell Halaf, Al Hasakah]" (Beck 1930: 128, loc. class. of O. cernua var. cumana f. valens).

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Tajikistan / Таджикистан / Tadzhikistan / Tayikistán / Tadschikistan (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana)

"Turkestania: prope Suidan et Pamil [Pamir] (f. 4 leg. Kuschalkewicz) ... pr. Kuldja (4 leg. Schrenk)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana); "in planitie Kickdan ad montes Gasi Machik et prope Gomut (f. 5 leg. Regel)" (Beck 1890: 145, loc. class. of O. cernua f. tenuisepala); "Turkestan: bei Suidan umd Pamil [Pamir] (Kuschalkewicz δ!), auf der Ebene Kickdan am Gasi Machik Gebirge und bei Gomut (Regel f. 6!), bei Kuldja (Schrenk δ!)" (Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana); Tajikistan (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

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Tunisia / تونس / Tunisie / Túnez (Amri & al. 2012, sub O. cumana; Pineda Martos 2014, sub O. cumana; El Mokni & Domina 2020: 554-556, sub O. cumana)

Béja Governorate: "Béja region, for the first time during the 2009-2010 agricultural season. Clear O. cumana attachments were observed in some sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.] fields" (Amri & al. 2012, sub O. cumana); "Beja, Beja towards Nefza, NW Tunisia; 36°46ʹ13′′N, 009°11ʹ28′′E; 180 m a.s.l.; 8 Jul. 2014; R. El Mokni (El Mokni-FSB-37/08082014) – Beja, Amdoun-Route d’Aîn Draham, NW Tunisia; 36°44ʹ15′′N, 009°03ʹ14′′E; 260 m a.s.l.; 21 Jul. 2018; R. El Mokni & G. Domina (El Mokni-FPHM-33/21082018, PAL-Gr, PAL) ... It occurs in very large populations in sunflower crops in Beja and Jendouba regions, northwestern Tunisia" (El Mokni & Domina 2020: 554-556, sub O. cumana).

Jendouba Governorate: "... It occurs in very large populations in sunflower crops in Beja and Jendouba regions, northwestern Tunisia" (El Mokni & Domina 2020: 554-556, sub O. cumana).

No precise location: "Also in northern Africa" (Kreutz 1995: 88).

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Turkmenistan / Turkmenistán / Turkmenia / Туркмения (Ledebour 1841-1853: 322, sub O. cumana; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana)

"Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Turcoman. / Karelin // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968106 - P 02968106.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437278575; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014); "Siberia uralensi: in Turkomania! (Eichw., Karelin pl. exs.)..." (Ledebour 1841-1853: 322, sub O. cumana); "Turkomania (Eichw.)" (Boissier 1879: 515, sub O. cumana); "Transcaspia: prope Krasnowok f. 4" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana); "Transkaspien: bei Krasnowodsk" (Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana); Turkmenistan (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Herb. Mus. Paris / 802 bis Orobanche cernua Loefl. / Arkabai [Turkestan]. 16 Juni 96 / Plantes de l'Asie Centrale. / M. Chaffanjon, 1895-1896" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02968099 - P 02968099.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438104938; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2014).

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Turkey / Türkiye / Turquía / Турция (Beck 1930: 124, sub O. cumana; Pineda Martos 2014, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 5, sub O. cumana)

"Phrygien [Phrygia]" (Beck 1930: 124, sub O. cumana); "In 1983/85 more than 50% of the Thracia [Eastern Thrace] sunflowers in northern Turkey was infested" (Petzoldt & Sneyd 1986); Turkey (Bulbul & al. 1991; Gagne 1998; Kaya & al. 2004); SW Asia (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

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Ukraine / Ucrania / Україна / Украина (Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cernua var. bicolor; Reichenbach 1862: 107, sub O. cumana; Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Tarasov 2012: 145, sub O. cumana; Tarasov 2012: 145, sub O. sarmatica; Pineda Martos 2014, sub O. cumana; Molinero-Ruiz & al. 2015: 4, sub O. cumana; Maslіiov & al. 2018, sub O. cumana)

"In arenosis Podoliae [Podilia / Podillya / Поділля / Подолье]" (Reuter 1847: 32, sub O. cernua var. bicolor); "Podolia australi a Bessero indicata" (Reichenbach 1862: 107, sub O. cumana); "Ukraine" (Domina & Raab-Straube 2010, sub O. cumana). "In Ukraine, about 70 % of the territory where sunflower is grown, is infected by Broomrape (Novopokrovskij, 1928; Shindrova, Penchev, 2012; Pineda-Martos et al., 2014; Guchetl et al., 2014)" (Maslіiov & al. 2018, sub O. cumana)

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast / Дніпропетровська область / Днепропетровская область: "Gub. Jekaterinoslaw [Dnipropetrovsk]: um Jekaterinoslaw, im Sept. (Alexeenko δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Днепропетровская обл., Криворожский р-н [Kryvyi Rih Raion], окр. с. Широкое, дно канавы на склоне балки. 30.10.2015" (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/447942.html by Александр Дегтяр [Alexander Degtyar] 2016; растение определил(а) Андрей Ковальчук [Andriy Kovalchuk] in Plantarium, accessed Oct 2020); "UA·Dnipro·Dnipro [Дніпро] 48°25'31.4"N 35°08'04.0"E, [on Helianthus annuus L.], 26.07.2020" (http://ukrbin.com/show_image.php?imageid=170661 and imageid=170662 by Vika Roi in ukrbin.com/showimages.php?id=127317 - Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network, accessed Sep 2020).

Kharkiv Oblast / Харківська область

Dvorichna Raion / Дворічанський район: "Двуречанский район", Novomlyns'k / Новомлинськ, 49°54'02.9"N 37°44'39.8"E, 25 Jul 2020 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54247103 by Max Parkhomenko in iNaturalist; accessed Oct 2020).

Kherson Oblast / Херсонська область / Херсонска област: "Cherson [Kherson] (Paczoski δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

Kirovohrad Oblast / Кіровоградська область [Kropyvnytskyi Oblast / Кропивницька област]: "Ульяновский район [Ulyanovsk Raion (Holovanivsk Raion / Голованівський район)], Кировоградская область [Kirovohrad Oblast] [48°16'07.0"N 30°16'55.6"E, near Danylova Balka / Данилова Балка]", 19 Ago 2011 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/85883123 by Oleksandr Shynder, accessed Mar 2022 [on Helianthus annuus L.]).

Odessa Oblast / Одеська область / Одесская область: "Orobanche / coerulea / Juin 1828 / Odessa" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0514110 - MW 0514110.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2018); "Museum Botanicum Universitatis, Cluj / Flora Romaniae exsiccata / 186. Orobanche cumana Wallr. / ... / Basarabia, distr, Acherman. In vineis vici Pandachia [Pandaclia / Пандъкли / Ореховка], ad radices / Helianthi annui, abunde. — 7 Aug. 1921. / leg. P. Enculescu, / det J. Grintescu rev. G. Beck." (https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2817611 - L 2817611.jpg - https://www.europeana.eu/es/item/11651/_Botany_L_2817611; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020); "Russische Länder: Ukraine: in Bessarabien bei Tatar-Bunar [Tatarbunary / Татарбунари] (Zelenetzky δ) um Reni (Herb. Besser δ), Pandaclia (Grintescu δ) ... Gub. Gherson: bei Odessa (Schmalhausen, Engler (δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "UA·Odesa [Одеса] 47°32'41.44"N 30°22'37.14"E, [on Helianthus annuus L.], 26.07.2008" (http://ukrbin.com/show_image.php?imageid=141068, imageid=141067 and imageid=141066 by Nikolay in ukrbin.com/showimages.php?id=127317 - Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network, accessed Sep 2020).

Zaporizhia Oblast / Запорізька область / Запорожская область: "im Distrikte Alexandrowsk bei Nowohupolowka, im August-November auf Helianthus und Lycopersicum (Alexeenko δ); im Distrikte Nowomoskowa, im Juli (Alexeenko δ)" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Цветок. Украина, Запорожская обл., Запорожский р-н [Zaporozhye region, Zaporozhye district], напротив авиагородка Широкое, на поле подсолнечника. 13.07.2010" (photos http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/174348.html, id/174347, id/174346 by Сергей Одинец [Sergey Odinets] 2013 in Plantarium, accessed Dec 2014); UA·Zaporizhia·Melitopol [Меліто́поль / Мелитополь], 46°58'36.98"N 35°25'21.95"E [on Helianthus annuus L.], 02.08.2020 (http://ukrbin.com/show_image.php?imageid=174500 and imageid=174498 by linker in ukrbin.com/showimages.php?id=127317 - Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network, accessed Sep 2020).

Krim / Crimea / Крымский полуостров / Кримський півострів / Tauria / Tauris / Ταυρική [Autonomous Republic of Crimea / Автономная Республика Крым - Республика Крым / Republic of Crimea] (formerly Crimean ASSR / Крымская АССР) [Ukraine / Russia]

1. "O. alba 5.". – 2. "O. arenaria M.B. / Tauria litorea". – 3. "O. cumana !B / mea Wallroth". – 4. "208 W" (B-W 11600 200; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jan 2017, type of O. cernua var. cumana f. taurica?); 1. "Orobanche arenaria / Ex Tauria meridionalis". – 2. "... Orobanche arenaria M.B. / ... / N.º 665". – 3. "Syntypus / Specimen authenticum" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0594764 - MW 0594764.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jan 2019 [the sheet contains two specimens, the specimen on the left side corresponds to O. cumana and the specimen on the right side corresponds to Phelipanche sp., but the latter is not P. arenaria]); "Tauria [Crimea / Krym]" (Reuter 1847: 33, sub O. cumana); "Rossia mer. (Tauria)" (Nyman 1854-1855); "Sudak [Sudaq / Судак] Steven! ..." (Reichenbach 1862: 107, sub O. cumana); "Tauria (M.B.)" (Boissier 1879: 515, sub O. cumana); "Rossia: f. 4 in Gubernia Tauria (! desertum Nogaiorum, Jalta etc.)" (Beck 1890: 144, sub O. cernua f. cumana); "A. Callier, Iter tauricum secundum a. 1896. / nr. 357 / Orobanche cumana Wallr. / J. Dörfler. Wien. / d. 8.VII / Hügel bei Kopsel / auf Artemisia / determ. de Halácsy." (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p04419816 - P 04419816.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/464928910; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2020); "in der Krim und Taurien: bei Aleschki (Paczoski β, δ) ... Jalta [Yalta], Nikita und Kertsch, im April bis Juni (Paczoski δ), um Kopsel (A. Callier δ), um Simeiis (Golde δ! auch f. 4), bei Balaklava, Inkermann, Sudak (Fedtschenko δ!) auf der Halbinsel Kercz (Klopotow δ) im Mai-Juli" (Beck 1930: 123-124, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "In der Krim [Crimea / Krym] bei Oreanda [Yalta Municipality] (V. Golde! in Herb. Petersburg. [LE] unter O. alba)" (Beck 1930: 128, loc. class. of O. cernua var. cumana f. taurica); "«In der Krim bei Oreanda [Yalta Municipality], V. Golde» — W)" (Tzvelev 2015: 214, type of O. cernua var. taurica); "RK" (Greuter & al. 1989: 258, sub O. cernua subsp. cumana); "near Yevpatoriya [Yevpatoria / Eupatoria / Євпато́рія / Евпато́рия, Yevpatoria municipality], Crimea [Crimea / Krym], UA, (KW)" (Tzvelev 1981: 451; https://www.ipni.org/n/662674-1; Schlauer & al. 2003, loc. class. of O. sarmatica); "Crimea" (Domina & Raab-Straube 2010, sub O. cumana); "... / Orobanche cumana Wallr. / ... / Крым, Сакский район [Saky Raion], / северная окраина пос. Новоозёрное, / берег Донузлава к востоку от штаба, / известняковый обрыв северной экспозиции. / Сеточное картирование флоры Крыма: J05-3. / Собр. А. Серегин [A. Seregin] 21.07.2014. № T-1963" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0632266 - MW 0632266.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1801081499; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2020); "Цветущие растения, паразитирующие на Artemisia sp. Крым, окр. Феодосии [Feodosia], Курортное, обочина грунтовой дороги, идущей вдоль пляжа. 21 мая 2014 г." (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/242108.html and id/42107 by Валентина Фатерыга 2014 [Valentina Fateryga] in Plantarium, accessed Dec 2014); "Цветущие растения (паразитируют на Artemisia taurica). Крым, окр. Феодосии [Feodosia], Курортное, пустынно-степной склон. 20 мая 2018 г." (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/613629.html by Александр Фатерыга [Alexander Fateryga] 2019 in Plantarium, accessed Oct 2020).

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Uzbekistan / Uzbekistán / O‘zbekiston / Ўзбекистон (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana; Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana)

"Ex herbario horti Petropolitani. 2000 3/80[?] / Orobanche cernua L. / Chiwa 1873  Korolkow et Krause" (CVH 10262; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2016); "Chiwa [Xiva / Хива, Choresmien / Xorazm / Choresm Province]: (4 leg. Korolkow et Krause)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana; Beck 1930: 125, sub O. cernua var. cumana); "Bokhara [Bukhara]: in monte Taschbulak district. Hissar (f. 4 leg. Regel)" (Beck 1890: 145, sub O. cernua f. cumana); Uzbekistan (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, sub O. cernua var. cumana).

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