Óscar SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA ¹,  Gonzalo MORENO MORAL ²,  Luis CARLÓN ³,

Renata Piwowarczyk ⁴, Manuel LAÍNZ ⁵  &  Gerald M. SCHNEEWEISS ⁶

ISSN: 2386-9666

(September 2005  "onwards"  [last updated  1  September  2026]  -  4,5 MB)

Aeginetia

Aeginetia L., Sp. Pl. 2: 632 (1753 [1 May 1753]). Type Name: Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia sect. Aeginetia. Syn.: = Aeginetia sect. Euaeginetia Beck (1930)

Aeginetia sect. Centronota (DC.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 21 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Syn.: ≡ Centronia Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14: 776[-777] (1826) [nom. illeg., later homonym], non Centronia D. Don in Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 314 (1823); ≡ Centronota DC., Prodr. 9: 286 (1845) [Meissn. Gen.: 303 [213] (1840)], nom. nov. Type Name: Centronia mirabilis Blume (1826); ≡ Aeginetia mirabilis (Blume) Bakh. (1921)

Aeginetia sect. Euaeginetia Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 17 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]), nom. inval. [not validly published] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3)

Aeginetia sect. Pseudoaeginetia Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 20 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Type Name: Aeginetia pedunculata (Roxb.) Wall. (1831); = Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp. (1844)

Aeginetia abbreviata Buch.-Ham. ex Benth., Scroph. Ind.: 55 (1835 [17 Nov 1835]) ["Hamilt. Mss."]. Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea abbreviata (Buch.-Ham. ex Benth) Steud. (1841); ≡ Aeginetia pedunculata var. abbreviata (Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.) Walp. (1843); = Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp. (1844). Ind. loc.: "Peninsula [India], Sillet [Khasi Hills, Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya, India], Rangoon [Yangon, Myanmar / Burma], Prome [Pyay, Myanmar / Burma], Wallich". Types: "Wall. Cat, n. 3965", Patnitala, Bangladesh, 1826 (K 000999883 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/665315.jpg; K 001117748 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/681942.jpg). Herbarium Specimens: K 001117749 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/681943.jpg

Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 481 (1844 [12-14 Sep 1844]). Syn.:  ≡ Orobanche acaulis Roxb. (1814), nom. nud.; ≡ Orobanche acaulis Roxb. (1820); ≡ Aeginetia pedunculata var. acaulis (Roxb.) Beck (1930); = Orobanche pedunculata Roxb. (1814), nom. nud.; = Aeginetia pedunculata (Roxb.) Wall. (1831); = Phelypaea abbreviata (Buch.-Ham. ex Benth) Steud. (1841); = Aeginetia pedunculata var. abbreviata (Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.) Walp. (1843). Ind. loc.: "Found growing on the root of the China sugar cane [Saccharum sp. (Poaceae)], in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta [Kolkata, India], and in full blossom in September." (Roxburgh 1820: 89). Ic.: a, Wallich 1831: t. 219, sub A. pedunculata; b, f. 264, 9-11 in Flora of China.efloras.org; c, efloraofindia, sub A. pedunculata (accessed Aug 2019). Hosts: Poaceae (Saccharum officinarum L., Saccharum × sinense Roxb., S. spontaneum L. [Imperata spontanea (L.) P. Beauv.], Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty [Andropogon muricatus Retz.; Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash], Chrysopogon hackelii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch. [Andropogon hackelii Hook. f.], Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Hemarthria compressa (L. f.) R. Br., Sehima nervosum (Rottler) Stapf, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench [Panicum frumentaceum Salisb.], Themeda triandra Forssk. [Anthistiria arguens f. japonica Andersson]) (Roxburgh 1814; Bakhuizen van den Brink 1921; Ray & Dasgupta 2003; Ray & Dasgupta 2009, sub A. pedunculata). Herbarium Specimens: K 000999881-4; K 001117749; K 001117748; O V2004065; P 04366255; CVH 52332 [PE 01542215; IBK 00054085]

Aeginetia acaulis var. alpha Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 221 (1860). Syn.: = Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp. (1844)

Aeginetia boninensis Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 45: 134 (1931). Syn.: = Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia centronia Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 713 (1856). Syn.: = Aeginetia mirabilis (Blume) Bakh. (1921)

Aeginetia coccinea (M. Bieb.) Juss. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 481 (1844), pro syn. Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804)

Aeginetia coccinea Juss. ex Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 44 (1847), pro syn. Syn.: = Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. (1807)

Aeginetia flava J. Parn. in Kew Bull. 67(1): 81 [-82 f. 1] (2012 [17 Mar 2012]). Type: "Thailand, Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao Nuea, 1,400-1,540 m, 26 Aug 2008, Harwood 2013 (holotypus TCD!; isotypus BKF!)" (Parnell 2012: 81). Host: "An unidentified Strobilanthes species [Acanthaceae] dominates..." (Parnell 2012)

Aeginetia indica L., Sp. Pl. 2: 632 (1753 [1 May 1753]). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea indica (L.) Spreng. ex Steud. (1841); = Orobanche aeginetia L. (1763); = Aeginetia japonica Siebold & Zucc. (1835), nom. amb.; = Aeginetia mairei H. Lév. (1916); = Aeginetia sekimotoana Makino (1930); = Aeginetia boninensis Nakai (1931); = Aeginetia saccharicola Bakh. (1933). Ind. loc.: "Habitat in Malabaria [Malabar, S.W. India]". Type: "Rheede, Hortus Indicus Malabaricus 11: 97, t. 47. 1692 (lectotype)" (Parnell 2001: 73). Ic.: a, Wight 1846: t. 895 (Plant illustrations, accessed Apr 2015); b, Makino 1902: t. 80; c, f. 264, 1-8 in Flora of China.efloras.org; d, PPBC 2306379 (accessed Apr 2017); e, A. indica in Japanese Wild Flowers - Prof. Summer's Web Garden (accessed Jul 2019); f, naturalista 4129150 by Amaël Borzée (accessed Aug 2019); g, A. indica in efloraofindia (accessed Aug 2019). Hosts: parasitic on many species of the families Poaceae (Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. [Saccharum cylindricum (L.) Lam.; I. arundinacea var. koenigii (Retz.) Benth.], Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Franch. [Imperata sacchariflora Maxim.], Miscanthus sinensis Andersson [Saccharum japonicum Thunb.], Oryza sativa L., Panicum miliaceum L., Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. [Erianthus arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet; Imperata exaltata (Roxb.) Brongn.], Saccharum officinarum L., Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. [Panicum italicum L.; Setaria germanica (Mill.) P. Beauv.], Setaria plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke [Panicum plicatum Lam.], Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench [Panicum frumentaceum Salisb.], Zea mays L.), Zingiberaceae (Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe), Cannaceae (Canna indica L.), Cyperaceae (Carex brownii subsp. transversa (Boott) J.Kern [C. transversa Boott], C. lanceolata Boott, C. morrowii Boott) (Kusano 1903; Kusano 1908; Bakhuizen van den Brink 1921; Beck 1930; Suwa & ‎al. 1995; Ray & Dasgupta 2010; Ray & Dasgupta 2010b; Hutabarat 2015; Tsuyuzaki, accessed Jul 2019). Herbarium Specimens: NY 00525349 ("Festland bei Hong Kong", C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium, accessed Feb 2010); NY 00089807; K 000999874 - 665305.jpg; CVH 63323 [CCAU 0000878; PE 01542082]. Obs. A. indica in Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden (accessed Apr 2009); USDA (accessed Apr 2009); Flora of Pan-Himalayas (accessed Dec 2014)

Aeginetia indica var. boninensis (Nakai) H. Harr. in Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 286 (1948). Syn.: ≡ Aeginetia boninensis Nakai (1931); = Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia indica var. gracilis Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 45: 136[-137] (1931 [20 Mar 1931]) (Ohwi 1965: 810). Syn.: = Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia indica var. sekimotoana (Makino) Makino in Journ. Jap. Bot. 20: 128 (1944) (Ohwi 1965: 810). Syn.: = Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia indica f. japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) Bakh. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 3(13): 83 (1933) (Ohwi 1965: 810). Syn.: = Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia japonica Siebold & Zucc., Fl. Jap. 1: 17 (1835), nom. amb. Syn.: = Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia japonica Siebold & Zucc. in Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 141 (1846). Syn.: ≡ Aeginetia indica f. japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) Bakhuiz. (1933); = Aeginetia indica L. (1753). Type: "Type not located" (Parnell 2001: 73)

Aeginetia kimurai Makino in Journ. Jap. Bot. 7 (3): 97 (1931). Syn.: = Aeginetia sinensis Beck (1930)

Aeginetia mairei H. Lév. in Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan: 199 (1916). Syn.: = Aeginetia indica L. (1753). Ind. loc.: "Vallée de Long-Ky [Yu-Nan / Yunnan, China], Journ. juill. 1912 (E.E. Maire)"

Aeginetia mirabilis (Blume) Bakh. in Trop. Natuur 10(10): 156 (1921) ["in obs.; et in Trop. Natuur, 10(11): 172 (1921)"]. Syn.: ≡ Centronia mirabilis Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14: 776[-777] (1826); ≡ Tronicena mirabilis (Blume) Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2.2: 721 (1841); ≡ Gasparinia mirabilis (Blume) Endl. in Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2: 7 (1845); ≡ Centronota mirabilis DC., Prodr. 9: 286 (1845), nom. nov.; = Aeginetia centronia Miq. (1856). Ind. loc.: "in sylvis humidis montis Salak" [West Java, Indonesia]. Hosts: "Overblijvende kruiden, woekerend op de wortels van Ficus-soorten [Moraceae], Cyrtandra [Gesneriaceae], Schismatoglottis [Araceae], Piper [Piperaceae], enz." (Bakhuizen van den Brink 1921). Obs. see Gbif 3728142 (L 2825110; L 2825113); Kew 661843-1

Aeginetia mpomii Letouzey in Adansonia sér. 2(7): 29 (1967). Type: Cameroon: A 45 Km au Sud Est de Linté, près Mankim (route Ntui-Yoko), R. Letouzey 8100, 3 Octobre 1966 (P 00569114). Hosts: parasitic on Poaceae: Loudetia phragmitoides (Peter) C.E. Hubb. [Trichopteryx phragmitoides Peter] and Chrysopogon fulvibarbis (Trin.) Veldkamp [Sorghum fulvibarbe (Trin.) Kuntze; Vetiveria fulvibarbis (Trin.) Stapf]

Aeginetia pedunculata (Roxb.) Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 13, t. 219 (1831). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche pedunculata Roxb. (1814), nom. nud. ["p. 45 et jusd. mss." (Wallich 1831: 13)]; = Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp. (1844). Ind. loc.: "Habitat in Bengala, infra gramina altiora, praecipuè varias species Bambusae, eonrum radicum parasitica(?). Viget, floret fructificatque sub pluviis". Type: "India, Wallich 3695 (holotype K)" (Parnell 2001: 75) ... is lectotypified here using this illustration [t. 219]. Hosts: "Aeginetia pedunculata (Roxb.) Wall. (Orobanchaceae) was first reported onsugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. [Poaceae]) in India around a sugar factory area at Plassey [Palashi] in West Bengal (Ray and Dasgupta 2003; Ray and Dasgupta 2006a)" (Ray & Dasgupta 2010b). Herbarium Specimens: K 000999880 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/665311.jpg. Obs. see (Gbif 3728122; Vijay & al. 2016)

Aeginetia pedunculata var. abbreviata (Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.) Walp. in Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (suppl.1): 400 (1843). Syn.: = Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp. (1844)

Aeginetia pedunculata var. acaulis (Roxb.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 21 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Syn.: ≡ Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp. (1844)

Aeginetia rodgeri (W.W. Sm. & Banerji) Livera in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 10: 156 (1927 [31 May 1927]). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia rodgeri W.W. Sm. & S.C. Banerji (1914)

Aeginetia saccharicola Bakh. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 3(13): 87 (1933). Syn.: = Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia saulierei (Dunn) Livera in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 10: 155 (1927 [31 May 1927]). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia saulierei Dunn (1914)

Aeginetia scortechinii Livera in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 10: 156 (1927 [31 May 1927]). Syn.: = Christisonia scortechinii Prain (1904)

Aeginetia selebica Bakh. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 3(13): 89 (1933). Ind. loc.: Sulawesi / Celebes, Indonesia. Ic.: Philippines: "Panay: Antique, Iloilo (Barcelona 3721 with Pelser). Root holoparasite on Imperata cylindrica [I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.; Saccharum cylindricum (L.) Lam. (Poaceae)]. Photos" (Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. Orobanchaceae edited by P.B. Pelser, 10 Mar 2013; accessed Aug 2019)

Aeginetia sekimotoana Makino in Journ. Jap. Bot. 6: 27 (1930). Syn.: ≡ Aeginetia indica var. sekimotoana (Makino) Makino (1944); = Aeginetia indica L. (1753)

Aeginetia sessilis Shivam. & Rajanna in Rheedea 4(2): 133 (1994). Syn.: = Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp. (1844). Ind. loc.: "Western Ghats near Kerekatte in Chikkamagalur district and Kudremukh in Dakshina Kannada district, in Karnataka State", India. Ic.: Shivamurthy & Rajanna 1994: 134 f. 1-7 (1994). Type: Kerekatte 26.9.1992, Shivamurthy 114 (holo CAL, Iso MGM)". Hosts: parasitic on Poaceae: Themeda triandra Forssk. [Anthistiria arguens f. japonica Andersson] and Chrysopogon hackelii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch. [Andropogon hackelii Hook. f.]. Obs. see (Vijay & al. 2016)

Aeginetia siamensis (Craib) Livera in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 10: 155 (1927 [31 May 1927]). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia siamensis Craib (1914)

Aeginetia sinensis Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 19 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Syn.: = Aeginetia kimurai Makino (1931). Ind. loc.: "China: Kiangsi, bei Lu Shan im Kuling-Gebirge bei 1100 m Seehöhe im August 1908 (A.K. Schindler, PI. sin. n. 351, im Herb. Berol.!); Prov. Fukien auf dem Berge Tienhwa-schan westl. von Dingdschou (Tingchow) bei ca. 1100 m Seehöhe im Juni, Juli (Wang-te-Hui in Handel-Mazzetti PI. sinens. n. 413!). Japan: Bei Jhao auf feuchtem Waldboden bei 800 m Seehöhe (M. du Bois Reymond n. 665 im Herb. Berlin!)". Ic.: a, A. sinensis in FRPS 69: 78, 79 t. 21 f. 12 (accessed Apr 2017); b, PPBC 597458 (accessed Apr 2017); c, f. 264, 12 in Flora of China.efloras.org; d, Tropicos.org 1739 - MOA 11277. Hosts: parasitic on Poaceae (e.g., Oryza sativa L.). Herbarium Specimens: CVH 106929: HZ 053607; NAS 00242474; PE 01542269; PE 01548186

Aeginetia subacaulis (Benth.) Livera in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 10: 155 (1927). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia subacaulis Gardner (1847)

Aeginetia tournefortii (Desf.) [Juss. sec. Steudel] Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 44 (1930), pro syn. Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. (1807)

Aeginetia trimenii Livera in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 10: 155 (1927 [31 May 1927]). Syn.: = Aeginetia acaulis (Roxb.) Walp. (1844)

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Anblatum [Amblatum (orthographic variant)]

Anblatum orientale, flore purpurascente Tournef., Corollarium: 48 (1703) [pre-Linnaean name, not validly published]. Syn.: = Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. (1807); ? = Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804); ? = Lathraea squamaria L. (1753)

Anblatum Hill, Brit. Herb.: 128 (1756 [Apr 1756]). Syn.: = Lathraea L. (1753). Type Name: Lathraea squamaria L. (1753)

Anblatum Tourn. ex Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 207 (1763). Type Name: Anblatum tournefortii G. Don (1837-1838); ? ≡ Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. (1807)

Anblatum Endl., Gen. Pl.: 727 (1839) (Steudel 1841: 318; Reuter 1847: 42)

Anblatum tataricum Fisch. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4(1): 633 (1837-1838), pro syn. Syn.: = Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895)

Anblatum tataricum Fisch. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 3(1,9): 314 (1849), pro syn. Syn.: = Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895)

Anblatum tournefortii G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 635 (1837-1838). Syn.: ? ≡ Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. (1807); ? = Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804); = Lathraea squamaria L. (1753)

Anoplanthus

Anoplanthus Endl., Gen. Pl.: 727 (1839), nom. superfl. (Schneider 2016). Type Name: Orobanche uniflora L. (1753); ≡ Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) A. Gray (1848)

Anoplanthus sect. Anblatum Endl., Gen. Pl.: 727 (1839) ["b. Anblatum"]. Type Name: Anblatum orientale, flore purpurascente Tournef. (1703) [pre-Linnaean name]

Anoplanthus sect. Euanoplon Endl., Gen. Pl.: 727 (1839) ["a. Euanoplon"], nom. inv. (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3). Syn.: ≡ Aphyllon sect. Aphyllon. Type Name: Orobanche uniflora L. (1753); ≡ Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) A. Gray (1848)

Anoplanthus sect. Macranoplon Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 42 (1847). Syn.: = Anblatum Endl., Gen. Pl. 27 [Anoplanthus sect. Anblatum Endl., Gen. Pl.: 727 (1839)] (Reuter 1847: 42)

Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 42 (1847). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804)

Anoplanthus biebersteinii var. boissieri Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 42 (1847). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea boissieri (Reut.) Stapf (1915)

Anoplanthus coccineus (M. Bieb.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 481 (1844 [12-14 Sep 1844]). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804)

Anoplanthus coccineus var. peduncularis Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4(2): 494 (1879 [Apr-May 1879]). Syn.: = Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. (1807)

Anoplanthus coccineus var. nigrovittatus Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4(2): 494 (1879 [Apr-May 1879]). Syn.: = Phelypaea boissieri (Reut.) Stapf (1915)

Anoplanthus fasciculatus (Nutt.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3(3): 480 (1844 [12-14 Sep 1844]). Syn.: ≡ Aphyllon fasciculatum (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray (1848)

Anoplanthus helenae (Popl.) Stankov in Stankov & Taliev, Syst. Classif. Vasc. Pl. Eu. Russ.: 825 (1949). Syn.: ? = Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804)

Anoplanthus tournefortii (Desf.) Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 42 (1847). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. (1807)

Anoplanthus uniflorus (L.) Endl., Iconogr. Gen. Pl. 6: [XII] t. 72 (1839 [Jan-Feb 1839]). Syn.: ≡ Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) A. Gray (1848)

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Anoplon

Anoplon Rchb. in Consp. Regn. Veg.: 212b (1828). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche trib. Anoplon Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 25, 66 (1825)", nom. inv. (Art 37.6). Type Name: Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804). Obs. Taxon 65: 194, "Ex 24bis"

Anoplon biebersteinii C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 104 (1831 [Nov-Dec 1831]). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804)

Anoplon biflorum G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4(1): 634 (1837-1838). Syn.: ≡ Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) Torr. & A. Gray(1848)

Anoplon coccineum (M. Bieb.) K. Koch, Linnaea 22: 670 (1849). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804)

Anoplon coccineum (M. Bieb.) Riedl & Schiman-Czeika in Rechinger, Fl. Iranica 5: 2 (1964). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir. (1804)

Anoplon fasciculatum (Nutt.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4(1): 633 (1837-1838). Syn.: ≡ Aphyllon fasciculatum (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray (1848)

Anoplon tournefortii (Desf.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4(1): 633 (1837-1838). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea tournefortii Desf. (1807)

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Aphyllon

Aphyllon Mitch., Diss. Bot. & Zool.: 43 (1769). Syn.: ≡ Anoplanthus Endl. (1839), nom. superfl.; ≡ Thalesia Raf. ex Britton (1894), nom. superfl.; ≡ Anoplanthus sect. Euanoplon Endl., Gen. Pl.: 727 (1839) (Gray 1876: 584); = Loxanthes Raf. (1825) (Schneider 2016). Type Name: Orobanche uniflora L. (1753) (Nicolson 1975: 655, "the type of Aphyllon Mitchell (1769) is Aphyllon uniflorum (Linnaeus) Torrey & Gray ex A. Gray (1848, p. 290), which is based on Orobanche uniflora Linnaeus"; Gray 1876; Schneider 2016). Obs. x = 12 (Schneider 2016; Carlón & al. 2005: 57, 65; Aphyllon in Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden and Aphyllon in CPNWH, accessed Mar 2017)

Aphyllon sect. Aphyllon (Gray, 1876: 584, "True Aphyllon"). Syn.: = Loxanthes Raf. (1825); = Gymnocaulis (Nutt.) Nutt. (1848); = Orobanche sect. Gymnocaulis Nutt. (1818); = Aphyllon sect. Gymnocaulis A. Gray (1878)

Aphyllon sect. Gymnocaulis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 312 (1878). Syn.: ≡ Gymnocaulis (Nutt.) Nutt. (1848); = Aphyllon sect. Aphyllon [Mitch., Diss. Bot. & Zool.: 43 (1769)]

Aphyllon sect. Nothaphyllon A. Gray, Bot. California 1: 584 (1876 [May-Jun 1876]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche sect. Nothaphyllon (A. Gray) Heckard (1973); = Myzorrhiza Phil. (1857-58); = Orobanche sect. Myzorrhiza Beck (1890). Type Name: Orobanche californica Cham. & Schltdl. (1828); ≡ Aphyllon californicum (Cham. & Schltdl.) A. Gray (1876), "lectotype designated by Heckard, Madroño 22: 41 (1973)"

Aphyllon arenosum Suksd. in Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 27 (1906). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche multiflora var. arenosa Munz (1931); ≡ Orobanche ludoviciana var. arenosa (Suksd.) Cronquist (1959); = Aphyllon ludovicianum (Nutt.) A. Gray (1876). Type: MO 1998126 (isotype)

Aphyllon arizonicum (L.T. Collins) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 112 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche arizonica L.T. Collins (2015). Type: "USA: Arizona, Coconino Co.: near Tuba City, 1539 m, 27 September 1935, Kearney & Peebles 12867 (holotype, ARIZ; isotype, US)"

Aphyllon californicum (Cham. & Schltdl.) A. Gray, Bot. California 1: 584 (1876 [May-Jun 1876]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche californica Cham. & Schltdl. (1828); ≡ Phelypaea californica (Cham. & Schltdl.) G. Don (1838); ≡ Myzorrhiza californica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Rydb. (1909); = Aphyllon violaceum Eastw. (1900); = Myzorrhiza hutchinsoniana Davidson (1921); = Myzorrhiza comosa (A.Gray) Holub (1990). Type: "USA: California: Near Port of San Francisco, Aug 1816, Chamisso s.n (holotype, LE)" (Colwell & Yatskievych 2016: 4). Host: Grindelia sp. (Asteraceae) (Colwell & Yatskievych 2016: 5). Herbarium specimens: WTU V 014820, WTU V 014793, WTU V 004172, PSM 05583. Obs. photos and distribution in Calflora (accessed March 2017); images and distribution in CPNWH (accessed Mar 2017)

Aphyllon californicum subsp. condensum (Heckard) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 112 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche californica subsp. condensa Heckard (1973). Type: "USA: California: San Luis Obispo Co.: Yaro Creek, 25 May 1955, Bacigalupi, Ferris & Robbins 5242 (holotype, JEPS; isotypes, NY, RSA, US, WTU)"

Aphyllon californicum subsp. feudgei (Munz) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 112 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche californica subsp. feudgei (Munz) Heckard (1973); ≡ Orobanche grayana var. feudgei Munz (1930). Type: "USA: California: San Bernardino Co.: Baldwin Lake, 2 June 1924, Munz 8177 (holotype, POM)". Host: Artemisia tridentata Nutt. (Asteraceae)

Aphyllon californicum subsp. grande (Heckard) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 112 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche californica subsp. grandis Heckard (1973). Type: "USA: California: Santa Barbara Co.: dunes at Surf, 22 July 1954, H.M. Pollard (holotype, UC; isotype, CAS)". Hosts: Corethrogyne filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. [Lessingia filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) M.A. Lane] and Isocoma menziesii (Hook. & Arn.) G. Nesom var. vernonioides (Nutt.) G. Nesom (Asteraceae) (Colwell & Yatskievych, 2016: 5)

Aphyllon californicum subsp. grayanum (Beck) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 113 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche grayana Beck (1890); ≡ Myzorrhiza grayana (Beck) Rydb. (1909); ≡ Myzorrhiza californica subsp. grayana (Beck) Uhlich (2015); = Aphyllon comosum A. Gray (1876). Type: "USA: Oregon: banks of the Columbia River, 1825, Douglas s.n. (lectotype, K)"

Aphyllon californicum subsp. jepsonii (Munz) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 113 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche grayana var. jepsonii Munz (1930); ≡ Orobanche californica subsp. jepsonii (Munz) Heckard (1973). Type: "USA: California: Colusa Co.: Princeton, October 1905, H.P. Chandler s.n. (holotype: POM, isotype: UC)"

Aphyllon chilense (Phil.) Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 201 (1895), pro syn. Syn.: ≡ Aphyllon chilense (Phil.) A.C. Schneid. (2016)

Aphyllon chilense (Phil.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 113 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Myzorrhiza chilensis Phil. (1858); ≡ Aphyllon chilense (Phil.) Phil. (1895), pro syn.; ≡ Orobanche chilensis (Phil.) Beck (1890). Ind. loc.: "In Andibus provinciae Santiago [Santiago de Chile] ct ipse legi et orn. Germain". Ic.: Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: t. 1 f. 6 (1890)

Aphyllon comosum A. Gray in S. Watson & al., Bot. California 1: 584 (1876). Syn.: ≡ Aphyllon californicum subsp. grayanum (Beck) A.C. Schneid. (2016). Herbarium specimens: https://www.gbif.org/es/species/3738755 (accessed Sep 2024)

Aphyllon cooperi A. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 307 (1885). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A. Heller (1898); ≡ Myzorrhiza cooperi (A. Gray) Rydb. (1909); ≡ Orobanche ludoviciana var. cooperi (A. Gray) Beck (1890). Type: "Type locality. USA: Arizona: Fort Mojave (lectotype designated by Munz, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 57: 620-21, Cooper s.n. in 1860-61, GH)". Herbarium Specimens: IDS 0044657, P 02985729

Aphyllon cooperi subsp. latilobum (Munz) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 114 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche cooperi subsp. latiloba (Munz) L.T. Collins (2015); ≡ Orobanche ludoviciana var. latiloba Munz (1930); = Orobanche multicaulis Brandegee (1916); = Myzorrhiza multicaulis (Brandegee) Holub (1990). Type: "USA: California: Riverside Co.: Colorado Desert, 22 April 1922, Munz & Keck 4960 (holotype: POM, isotype, US)

Aphyllon cooperi subsp. palmeri (Munz) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 114 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche cooperi subsp. palmeri (Munz) L.T. Collins (2015); ≡ Orobanche multicaulis var. palmeri Munz (1930). Type: "Mexico, Durango, April-November 1896, Palmer 7 (holotype: GH, isotypes, MO, UC)"

Aphyllon corymbosum (Rydb.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 114 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Myzorrhiza corymbosa Rydb. (1909); ≡ Orobanche corymbosa (Rydb.) Ferris (1958). Type: "USA: Reynold’s Creek, 2 July 1892, Isabel Mulford s.n. (holotype, NY; isotype, MO)". Herbarium Specimens: P 04410422, P 04410423, P 04410424, WTU V 016722, ID 124913

Aphyllon corymbosum subsp. mutabile (Heckard) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 114 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche corymbosa subsp. mutabilis Heckard (1978). Type: "USA: Washington: Grant Co.: O’Sullivan Dam, 11 July 1950, S.W. Harris 97 (holotype, WS)". "Canada: British Columbia, about half a mile along Nickel Plate road from junction SE of Hedley, Calder & Savile 10726, 19 July 1953, Paratype" (Cody 2004)

Aphyllon dugesii S. Watson in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 132 (1883). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche dugesii (S. Watson) Munz (1931). Type: "Mexico: Gueanajatao, Dugès s.n. (holotype, GH)". Herbarium Specimens: F 225882 (Neotropical Herbarium Specimens, accessed Apr 2017)

Aphyllon epigalium Colwell & A.C.Schneid. in Madroño 64(3): 100, f. 1-2, 3 [map] (2017 [31 Aug 2017]). Type: USA: California: Paradise, Elliot Rd, 39.7592 N, 121.5968 W. Leg. K.D. Cox 188 (holotype, JEPS; isotypes, CHSC, SD). Host: Galium bolanderi A. Gray

Aphyllon epigalium Colwell & A.C. Schneid. subsp. notocalifornicum Colwell & A.C. Schneid. in Madroño 64(3): 103, f. 1-2, 3 [map] (2017 [31 Aug 2017]). Type: USA: California: Riverside County

Aphyllon fasciculatum (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray, Manual (ed. 2): 281 (1848). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. (1818); ≡ Loxanthes fasciculatus (Nutt.) Raf. (1825); ≡ Phelypaea fasciculata (Nutt.) Spreng. (1825); ≡ Anoplon fasciculatum (Nutt.) G. Don (1837-1838); ≡ Anoplanthus fasciculatus (Nutt.) Walp. (1844); ≡ Gymnocaulis fasciculata (Nutt.) Nutt. (1848); ≡ Thalesia fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton (1894). Ind. loc.: "H. Native in sand alluvial soils aroun Fort Mandan [near Washburn, North Dakota, United States]" (Don, 1837-1838: 633). Type: USA: “Missouri”, ca. 1811, Nuttal s.n., (holotype, PH) (Schneider, 2016). Herbarium specimens: P 02985723, P 02985724, ARIZ 228487, MONT 039667, WWB 019695, KHD 00016005. Ic.: a, Endlicher, Iconogr. Gen. Pl. 6: t. 72 (1839); b, sub O. fasciculata (Wisconsin Herbaria Plant Specimens, WISFLORA: Vascular Plant Species); c, sub O. fasciculata in SEINet Arizona - New Mexico Chapter, accessed Mar 2017. Host: usually on Artemisia species. Obs. Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 60 f. 3 ["Phylogenetic relationships"], 65 (2005)

Aphyllon fasciculatum var. luteum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 312 (1878). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea lutea Parry (1874), non Phelypaea lutea Desf. (1798) nec Phelypaea lutea Brunn. (1840). Ind. loc.: "Wyoming [United States], Parry No. 202". Type: YU.065138 (Isotype)

Aphyllon inundatum Suksd. in Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 27 (1906). Syn.: = Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) Torr. & A. Gray (1848)

Aphyllon ludovicianum (Nutt.) A. Gray, Bot. California 1: 585 (1876). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. (1818); ≡ Phelypaea ludoviciana (Nutt.) Walp. (1844); ≡ Myzorrhiza ludoviciana (Nutt.) Rydb. (1903); ≡ Conopholis ludoviciana (Nutt.) Wood.; = Aphyllon arenosum Suksd. (1906); = Orobanche multiflora var. arenosa (Suksd.) Munz (1931); = Orobanche ludoviciana var. arenosa (Suksd.) Cronquist (1959); = Orobanche ludoviciana f. albinea B. Boivin (1972). Type: "USA: Fort Mandan, 1810-1811, Nuttall s.n. (holotype, PH)". Herbarium Specimens: WTU V 014822, MONT 039709. Ic.: a, sub O. ludoviciana Nutt. subsp. ludoviciana in Wisconsin Herbaria Plant Specimens - WISFLORA: Vascular Plant Species (accessed Feb 2006); b, sub O. ludoviciana Nutt. in Tropicos.org. - MBG (accessed Sep 2008); c, sub O. ludoviciana in CPNWH (accessed Sep 2014); d, O. ludoviciana in SEINet Arizona - New Mexico Chapter, accessed Mar 2017

Aphyllon minutum Suksd. in Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 18(10): 155 (1900 [Oct 1900]). Syn.: ≡ Thalesia minuta (Suksd.) Rydb. (1909); ≡ Orobanche uniflora var. minuta (Suksd.) Beck (1930); = Aphyllon purpureum (A. Heller) Holub (1998)

Aphyllon multiflorum (Nutt) A. Gray, Bot. California 1: 585 (1876 [May-Jun 1876]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche multiflora Nutt. (1848); ≡ Myzorrhiza multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb. (1906); ≡ Orobanche ludoviciana subsp. multiflora (Nutt.) T.S. Collins ex H.L. White & W.C. Holmes (2001); ≡ Orobanche ludoviciana var. multiflora (Nutt.) Beck (1890); = Phelypaea erianthera Engelm. (1867) (Gray 1867: 372; Beck 1890: 81; Rydberg 1906: 151; White & Holmes 2001: 623; T. Collins, 2024, pers. comm.) = Orobanche multiflora var. pringlei Munz (1930). Type: "USA: Rio Grande, 1845, Gambel s.n. (neotype designated by White & Holmes, Sida 19: 623 (2001), USA: Texas: Jim Wells Co., 19 April 1944, Lundell & Lundell 12809, LL 00208226 - https://www.gbif.org/es/occurrence/4110150757; isoneotype, LL)". Herbarium Specimens: ID 124926; ASU 100820; http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000061338 - https://www.gbif.org/es/occurrence/924811391; Parry 147 (GH 00032283.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/es/occurrence/1998513583; MO, type of P. erianthera (White & Holmes 2001: 623))

Aphyllon parishii (Jeps.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 115 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche parishii (Jeps.) Heckard. (1973); ≡ Myzorrhiza parishii (Jeps.) Holub, Preslia 62: 196 (1990); ≡ Orobanche californica var. parishii Jeps. (1925). Type: "USA: California: San Bernardino Co.: Bear Valley, 1894, S.B. Parish s.n. (holotype, JEPS)". Herbarium Specimens: WTU V 014810, WTU V 014809

Aphyllon parishii subsp. brachylobum (Heckard) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 115 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche parishii subsp. brachyloba Heckard (1973). Type: "USA: California: Ventura Co.: Dutch Harbor, San Nicolas Island, 23 April 1966, Raven & Thompson 20794 (holotype, JEPS; isotypes, MO, RSA, SBBG)". Hosts: Isocoma sp. (Asteraceae), e. g., Isocoma menziesii (Hook. & Arn.) G. Nesom

Aphyllon pinorum (Geyer ex Hook.) A. Gray, Bot. California 1: 585 (1876). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche pinorum Geyer ex Hook. (1851); ≡ Phelypaea pinorum (Geyer ex Hook.) A. Gray (1868); ≡ Myzorrhiza pinorum (Geyer ex Hook.) Rydb. (1909). Type: "USA: Idaho/Washington border, Geyer 445 (holotype, K [K 000061342])". Herbarium Specimens: SOC 00432, ID 124927

Aphyllon purpureum (A. Heller) Holub in Preslia 70: 100 (1998). Syn.: ≡ Thalesia purpurea A. Heller (1896); ≡ Orobanche uniflora var. purpurea (A. Heller) Achey (1933); = Aphyllon minutum Suksd. (1900); = Aphyllon sedi Suksd. (1900); = Thalesia minuta (Suksd.) Rydb. ( 1909); = Orobanche porphyrantha Beck (1930); = Orobanche uniflora subsp. occidentalis (Greene) Abrams ex Ferris (1958); = Aphyllon uniflorum var. occidentale Greene (1894); = Orobanche uniflora var. minuta (Suksd.) Beck  (1930); = Orobanche uniflora f. sedi (Suksd.) Beck (1930). Type: "USA: Idaho: Nez Perce Co.: near mouth of the Potlatch, 20 May 1896, Heller 3099. (no holotype designated; isotypes, CAS, DAO, K, MIN, MO, MSC, NDG, PH, US)." (Schneider 2016). Herbarium Specimens: WTU V 011620, HPS U014940

Aphyllon riparium (L.T. Collins) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 116 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche riparia L.T. Collins (2009); ≡ Myzorrhiza riparia (L.T. Collins) Weakley (2017). Type: "USA: Indiana, Gibson Co.: Griffin, 16 August 1931, Deam 50941 (holotype, IND; isotypes, A, F, GH, IND, MINN, WIS)". Ic.: a, O. riparia in SEINet Arizona - New Mexico Chapter, accessed Mar 2017. Herbarium Specimens: ARIZ 164571, ASU 0094353

Aphyllon robbinsii (Heckard ex Colwell & Yatsk.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 116 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche robbinsii Heckard ex Colwell & Yatsk. (2016). Type: "USA: California: San Francisco Co.: Parasitic on Eriophyllum staechadifolium Lag., on small rock slides on ocean cliff near Lands End, just below Lincoln Park, San Francisco; elev. ca. 150 ft, 13 Aug 1956, G. Thomas Robbins 3730 (holotype: JEPS!; isotypes: GH!, JEPS!, NY!, CAS!)" (Colwell & Yatskievych 2016: 2). Host: Eriophyllum staechadifolium Lag. (Asteraceae)

Aphyllon sedi Suksd. in Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 18(0): 155 (1900 [Oct 1900]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche uniflora var. sedi (Suksd.) Achey (1933); = Aphyllon purpureum (A. Heller) Holub (1998); = Orobanche uniflora subsp. occidentalis (Greene) Abrams ex Ferris (1958). Type: "Flora of Washington / Skamanta CO. / 2130 Aphyllon Sedi, sp. nov. / On Sedum. / Mossy rocks in woods near Chenowith / W.N. Suksdorf. June 16, 1892" (GH 00071671, isotype)

Aphyllon tacnaense (Mattf.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 116 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche tacnaensis Mattf. (1922); ≡ Myzorrhiza tacnaensis (Mattf.) Holub (1990). Type: "Syntypes. Peru: Tacna, 1890, Woitschach 71 (photograph of type: F); Peru: Tacna, 1833, F.J.F. Meyen s.n."

Aphyllon tarapacanum (Phil.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 116 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche tarapacana Phil. (1891)

Aphyllon tuberosum (A. Gray) A. Gray, Bot. California 1: 585 (1876). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea tuberosa A. Gray (1868); = Orobanche bulbosa Beck (1890). Type: "USA: California: Monterey Co: Gavilan Mountains, 1860-1862, Brewer 743 (holotype, GH; isotype K)". Ic.: a, O. bulbosa in SEINet Arizona - New Mexico Chapter, accessed Mar 2017. Host: Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. (Rosaceae). Herbarium Specimens: UTC 00264595, NCSC 00023633, ARIZ 236137

Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) Torr. & A. Gray, Manual: 290 (1848). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche uniflora L. (1753); ≡ Anoplanthus uniflorus (L.) Endl. (1839); ≡ Gymnocaulis uniflora (L.) Nutt. (1848); ≡ Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton (1894); Aphyllon inundatum Suksd. (1906). Ind. loc.: "Habitat in Viginia" (Wallroth 1825: 67, "In Viginia, Clayton. Maj. Tuam cl. Turpin. dedit"). Type: "USA: Virginia (lectotype, Clayton 387, BM)" (Schneider 2016) (BM 000051200 [The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project [The Natural History Museum; accessed Nov 2007]). Ic.: a, sub O. uniflora [(Wisconsin Herbaria Plant Specimens) WISFLORA: Vascular Plant Species]. Herbarium Specimens: P 02985705, P 02985711, ID 125049, SRP 016246, ID 125142. Obs. Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 60 f. 3 ["Phylogenetic relationships"], 65 (2005)

Aphyllon uniflorum var. occidentale Greene, Man. Bot. San Francisco: 285 (1894 [2 Feb 1894]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche uniflora subsp. occidentalis (Greene) Abrams ex Ferris (1958); = Aphyllon purpureum (A. Heller) Holub (1998)

Aphyllon validum (Jeps.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 117 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche valida Jeps. (1929); ≡ Myzorrhiza valida (Jeps.) Holub (1990); ≡ Orobanche ludoviciana var. valida (Jeps.) Munz (1930). Type: "USA: California: Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, 2 June 1923, F.W. Peirson 7937 (holotype: JEPS, isotype: RSA)". Herbarium Specimens: WTU V 014818

Aphyllon validum subsp. howellii (Heckard & L.T Collins) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 117 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche valida subsp. howellii Heckard & L.T Collins (1982). Type: USA: California: Mendocino Co.: Impassable Rock, 14 July 1951, Donald V. Hemphill s.n. (holotype: UC).

Aphyllon vallicolum (Jeps.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 117 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche comosa var. vallicola Jeps. (1925); ≡ Orobanche vallicola (Jeps.) Heckard (1973); ≡ Myzorrhiza vallicola (Jeps.) Holub (1990). Type: "USA: California: Santa Clara Co.: Coyote, 14 October 1914, W.L. Jepson 6196 (holotype: JEPS, isotypes: GH, MO)". Host: Quercus agrifolia Nee (Fagaceae). Herbarium Specimens: WTU V 014814, WTU V 014811

Aphyllon violaceum Eastw. in Zoe 5(4-5): 85[-86] (1900). Syn.: ≡ Aphyllon californicum (Cham. & Schltdl.) A. Gray (1876)

Aphyllon weberbaueri (Mattf.) A.C. Schneid. in PhytoKeys 75: 117 (2016 [9 Dec 2016]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche weberbaueri Mattf. (1922); ≡ Myzorrhiza weberbaueri (Mattf.) Holub (1990). Type: "Peru: Camaná: Areuipa, Hafen Chala, 26 November 1915, A. Weberbauer 7185 (isotypes: GH, US)" [US 1496220, US 1495150]

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Boschniakia

Boschniakia C.A. Mey. ex Bong. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 159 (1832 [Aug 1832]) ["C.A. Meyer mspt."] (Turland & al., 2018: Art. 46.5 Ex. 32) (Walpers 1844: 478, sub Boschniakia C.A. Mey. mss. ex Bong.; Reuter 1847: 39, sub Boschniakia C.A. Mey. mss. ex Bong.; Ledebour 1849: 323, sub Boschniakia C.A. Mey. ex Bong.). Type Name: Boschniakia glabra C.A. Mey. ex Bong. (1833), nom. illeg. [nom. superfl.] (Art. 52, Vienna Code); = Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. (1910). Obs. "Genus in memoriam cl. Boshniak [Named in honour of A.K. Boshnyak]" (Bongard 1832: 159; Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958: 114[140]); Piwowarczyk 2015

Boschniakia sect. Boschniakia. Syn.: ≡ Boschniakia sect. Euboschniakia Beck (1930)

Boschniakia sect. Euboschniakia Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 327 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]), nom. inv. (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3)

Boschniakia sect. Thamnophagus Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 328 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Syn.: = Xylanche Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 58 (1890) (Beck 1930: 329; Yu 2013). Type Name: Boschniakia handelii Beck (1930) [= Xylanche himalaica (Hook. f. & Thomson) Beck (1890)]

Boschniakia glabra C.A. Mey. ex Bong. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 159 (1832 [Aug 1832]) ["121. Boschniakia glabra C.A. Meyer mspt."] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 46.5 Ex. 32), nom. illeg. [nom. superfl.] (Art. 52, Vienna Code). Syn.: = Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. (1910)

Boschnajakia glabra Bunge ex Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 92 (1840) [orthographic variant], pro syn. Syn.: = Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. (1910)

Boschniakia handelii Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 328[-329] (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Syn.: = Xylanche himalaica (Hook. f. & Thomson) Beck (1890)

Boschniakia handelii f. minor Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 329 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Syn.: = Xylanche himalaica (Hook. f. & Thomson) Beck (1890)

Boschniakia himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Brit. India 4(11): 327[-328] (1884 [Jan 1884]). Syn.: ≡ Xylanche himalaica (Hook. f. & Thomson) Beck (1890)

Boschniakia hookeri Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 479 (1844) (Reuter 1847: 39, sub B. Hookeri Walp.). Syn.: ≡ Kopsiopsis hookeri (Walp.) Govaerts (1996)

Boschniakia kawakamii Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 19 (1914 [25 Nov 1914]). Syn.: ≡ Xylanche kawakamii (Hayata) Beck (1930); = Xylanche himalaica (Hook. f. & Thomson) Beck (1890)

Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. in B.A. Fedtschenko & A.F. Flerow, Fl. Evropeiskoi Ross. 3: 896, f. 875 (1910). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche rossica Cham. & Schltdl. (1828)

Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Hulten in Kungl. Sv. Vet. -Akad. Handl. Ser. 3. 8(2): 126 (1930) [Fl. Kamtch. IV], later isonym (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 6 Note 2). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche rossica Cham. & Schltdl. (1828)

Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8(5): 325 (1931), later isonym (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 6 Note 2). Syn.: ≡ Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. (1910)

Boschniakia rossica var. flavida Yue Zhang & J.Y. Ma in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 23(4): 390 (2003). Syn.: = Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. (1910)

Boschniakia rossica f. flavocorollata T. Sugaw. in J. Jap. Bot. 95(3): 159 (2020). Syn.: = Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. (1910)

Boschniakia strobilacea A. Gray, Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 118 (1857) [non Lathraea strobilacea Schlecht. ex Ledeb. (1849)]. Syn.: ≡ Kopsiopsis strobilacea (A. Gray) Beck (1930)

Boschniakia tuberosa (Hook.) Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif.: 954 (1925 [23 Sep 1925]), nom. illeg. Syn.: = Kopsiopsis hookeri (Walp.) Govaerts (1996)

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Boulardia

Boulardia F.W. Schultz, Arch. Fl. France Allem.: 103[-104] (Dec 1847-Mar 1848) ["Nomen dedi ... Camillé Boulard"]. Syn.: ≡ Ceratocalyx Coss. (1848), nom. illeg. [pro syn.]; ≡ Orobanche subg. Ceratocalyx Coss. ex Nyman(1854-1855) [nom. nov.] (Art. 55, Vienna Code); ≡ Orobanche subg. Ceratocalyx (Coss.) Pomel (1874) [comb. superfl.]; ≡ Orobanche subg. Boulardia (F.W. Schultz) A. Pujadas (2007 [Dec 2007]) [comb. superfl.]; ≡ Orobanche sect. Boulardia (F.W. Schultz) Batt. in Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie (Dicot.): 659 (1890). Type Name: Boulardia latisquama F.W. Schultz (Dec 1847-Mar 1848). Obs. genus published in "Dec. 1847" (Cosson 1848: 146); https://www.ipni.org/n/30984-1 (accessed Jul 2008); Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 6: 111-112 (2008)

Boulardia latisquama F.W. Schultz, Arch. Fl. France Allem.: 104 (1848 [Dec 1847-Mar 1848]). Syn.: ≡ Ceratocalyx macrolepis Coss. (1848 [Mar 1848]), pro syn.

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Campbellia

Campbellia Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: 5, t. 1424, 1425 (1849) (TL-2 n. 17.579). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia subg. Campbellia (Wight) Rouy (1909). Type Name: Campbellia aurantiaca Wight (1849)

Campbellia albida Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2(2): 967 (1876 [May 1876]) ["Christisonia albida, Thw. Pl. Exs. n. 3929"]. Syn.: ≡ Christisonia albida (Benth. & Hook. f.) Thwaites ex Hook. f. (1884)

Campbellia aurantiaca Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: [5] t. 1424 (1849) (Salim & al. 2025, sub Campbellia aurantiaca). Syn.: ≡ Legocia aurantiaca (Wight) Livera (1927); ≡ Christisonia legocia Beck (1930). Ind. loc.: "Neilgherries [Nilgiri Mountains, South India], in a small clump of jungle by the road side near Nedawuttim", Distribution: Endemic to Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri) and Kerala (Wayanad). Herbarium Specimens: "Lectotype (designated by Panigrahi & Das 1982) or perhaps holotype: India, Tamil Nadu, Neilgherries (Nilgiri), Nedawuttim (present Naduvattom), Herb. Wight (K, K 000999895 [(https://images.data.kew.org/image...=eba9e6bc-c240-4377-8a1c-ba9c8b531b61) image!], Fig. 3) (Panigrahi & Das (1982) mentioned the availability of an image-copy of this specimen at CAL (accession number 6496B), but we couldn’t trace it)" (Salim & al. 2025, sub C. aurantiaca)

Campbellia cytinoides (Reut.) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: [6], t. 1425 (1849) (TL-2 n. 17.579). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea cytinoides Reut. (1847); = Christisonia neilgherrica Gardner (1847)

Campbellia lawii (Wight) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2(2): 967 ( 1876 [May 1876]). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia lawii Wight (1849); = Christisonia calcarata Wight (1849) (Nandikar & al. 2013: 28)

Campbellia neilgherrica (Gardner) Panigrahi & G.C. Das, Indian J. Forest. 5(4): 323 (1982). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia neilgherrica Gardner (1847)

Campbellia subacaulis (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2(2): 967 (1876 [May 1876]). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea subacaulis Benth. (1835) (Gardner 1847: 162); ≡ Christisonia subacaulis (Benth.) Gardner (1847)

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Catodiacrum

Catodiacrum Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 369 (1867) ["Catodiacrum (Catodiacron)"], nom. illeg. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche L. (1753)

Catodiacrum cruentum (Bertol.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 371 (1867), nom. illeg. Syn.: = Orobanche gracilis Sm. (1798)

Catodiacrum foetidum (Lapeyr.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 371 (1867), nom. illeg., non Orobanche foetida Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 195 (1789). Syn.: = Orobanche rapum-genistae Thuill. (1799)

Catodiacrum incurvum (Benth.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 370 (1867), nom. illeg. Syn.: = Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm. (1798)

Catodiacrum luteum Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 370 (1867), nom. illeg. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche hederae Duby (1828)

Catodiacrum pallidiflorum (Wimm. & Grab.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 370 (1867), nom. illeg. Syn.: = Orobanche reticulata Wallr. (1825)

Catodiacrum rubidum Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 370 (1867), nom. illeg. Syn.: = Orobanche teucrii Holandre (1829)

Catodiacrum sparsiflorum (Wallr.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 370 (1867), nom. illeg. Syn.: = Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm. (1798)

Catodiacrum sparsiflorum sensu Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 370 (1867), non Catodiacrum sparsiflorum (Wallr.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 370 (1867). Syn.: = Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. (1800)

Catodiacrum variegatum (Wallr.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 370 (1867), nom. illeg. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche variegata Wallr. (1825)

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Ceratocalyx

Ceratocalyx Coss. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, 9: 145. t. 10. (1848 [Mar 1848]), nom. illeg. [nomen superfluum (Art. 52.1 et 52.2 ICBN)]. Syn.: ≡ Boulardia F.W. Schultz, Arch. Fl. France Allem.: 103[-104] (Dec 1847-Mar 1848). Type Name: Ceratocalyx macrolepis Coss. (Mar 1848) ≡ Boulardia latisquama F.W. Schultz (Dec 1847-Mar 1848). Obs. view IPNI entry (accessed Jul 2008); Carlón & al. 2008: 111

Ceratocalyx macrolepis Coss. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, 9: 146[-147, t. 10] (1848 [Mar 1848]), nom. illeg. [pro syn. ("cited as a synonym", see Art. 52.1 et 52.2 ICBN)]. Syn.: ≡ Boulardia latisquama F.W. Schultz (Dec 1847-Mar 1848)

Ceratocalyx fimbriata Lange in Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1863: 52 (1864). Syn.: = Boulardia latisquama F.W. Schultz (Dec 1847-Mar 1848)

Ceratocalyx reuteri Lange Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1863: 52 (1864) ["Obs. ... C. Reuteri nob. (Orobanche gamosepala Reut.)"]. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche gamosepala Reut. (1847)

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Chorobanche

Chorobanche C. Presl in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 5(3): 521 (1845 [Jul-Dec 1845]) ["Chorobane"] et Bot. Bemerk.: 91 (1846 [Jan-Apr 1846]) (Beck 1890: 86). Type Name: Chorobanche indica C. Presl [= Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel (1874)]

Chorobanche indica C. Presl in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 5(3): 521 (1845 [Jul-Dec 1845]) et Bot. Bemerk. (C. Presl): 91 ([Jan-Apr 1846]). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche indica Roxb., Hort. Beng.: 45 (1814), nom. nud.; ≡ Orobanche indica Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (1832), non Orobanche indica Spreng. (1825); ≡ Phelypaea indica (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) G. Don (1838); = Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel (1874)

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Christisonia

Christisonia Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 153 (1847) (Beck 1930: 308). Type Name: Christisonia tricolor (Benth.) Gardner (1847). Obs. Key-India (Benniamin & al. 2012)

Christisonia subg. Campbellia (Wight) Rouy in Rev. Gen. Bot. 21: 205 (1909). Syn.: ≡ Campbellia Wight (1850). Type Name: Campbellia aurantiaca Wight (1849) [= Christisonia bicolor Gardner (1847)]

Christisonia subg. Christisonia [Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 153 (1847)]. Type Name: Christisonia tricolor (Benth.) Gardner (1847)

Christisonia sect. Campbellia (Wight) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 315 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]) ["Sect. IV. Campbellia (Wight) G. Beck emend."]. Type Name: Campbellia aurantiaca Wight (1849)

Christisonia sect. Christisonia [Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 153 (1847)]. Type Name: Christisonia tricolor (Benth.) Gardner (1847)

Christisonia sect. Christisoniopsis Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 314 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]) ["Sect. II Christisoniopsis G. Beck"]

Christisonia sect. Euchristisonia Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 311 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]) ["Sect. I. Euchristisonia G. Beck"], nom. inv. (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia sect. Christisonia

Christisonia sect. Heterotheca Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 314 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]) ["Sect. III. Heterotheca G. Beck "]

Christisonia sect. Legocia (Livera) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 317 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]) ["Sect. V. Legocia (Livera) G. Beck"]. Syn.: ≡ Legocia Livera (1927).

Christisonia albida (Benth. & Hook. f.) Thwaites ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4(11): 323 (1884 [Jan 1884]). Syn.: ≡ Campbellia albida Benth. & Hook. f. (1876) ["Christisonia albida, Thw. Pl. Exs. n. 3929"]. Ind. loc.: "Ceylon [Sri Lanka]; near Hankalla, alt. 6000 ft., Thwaites.". Herbarium Specimens: Hanhgalla [Hankalla], 6000 ft., Thwaites 3929 (K 000999899, type)

Christisonia aurantiaca Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: [17] t. 1486 (1849) (TL-2 n. 17.579). Syn.: ≡ Cliffordia aurantiaca (Wight) Livera (1927); = Christisonia bicolor Gardner (1847). Ind. loc.: "Neilgnerries [Nilgiri Mountains, South India], among long grass by the road side leading from Neddawuttum to Goodaloor, also very abundant in the dense jungles surrounding Mr. Ouchterlony's Coffee Plantations.". Herbarium Specimens: Neddawuttum, Neilgnerries, Wight (K 000999895, type)

Christisonia bicolor Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 160 (1847). Syn.: ≡ Cliffordia bicolor ( Gardner) Livera (1927); = Christisonia pallida Gardner (1847) (Hook. f. 1884: 322); = Christisonia aurantiaca Wight (1849) (Hook. f. 1884: 322); = Cliffordia aurantiaca (Wight) Livera (1927). Ind. loc.: "Hab. — On the roots of an Acanthaceous shrub in forests on the Hautane range, in the Central Province, Ceylon [Sri Lanka], at an elevation of about 3,000 feet. Flowers in August.". Ic.: Sankara Rao & al. 2019

Christisonia bicolor var. pallidiflora Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl.: 222 (1864) ["Var. β pallidiflora"]. Syn.: ≡ Christisonia pallida Gardner (1847) (Thwaites 1864: 222; Trimen 1885: 241); = Christisonia bicolor Gardner (1847). Ind. loc.: "Hab. In similar situations with the last, Lear, Gardner."

Christisonia bicolor var. pallidiflora Trim. in J. Bot. 23: 241 (1885) [var. pallida (Gardner) Trim.]. Syn.: ≡ Christisonia pallida Gardner (1847) (Thwaites 1864: 222; Trimen 1885: 241); = Christisonia bicolor Gardner (1847)

Christisonia bicolor var. spectabilis [Thwaites ex] Trim. in J. Bot. 23: 241 (1885) ["C. spectabilis Thw. ms."]. Syn.: ≡ Christisonia spectabilis (1885), pro syn.; ≡ Cliffordia spectabilis (Thwaites ex Trim.) Livera (1927); = Christisonia bicolor Gardner (1847). Ind. loc.: "Hab. The Knuckles Hill, Kallebokka Vallev, Central Prov. [Sri Lanka], Sept. 1868. (C. P. 3983 in Herb. Perad.)" (Trimen 1885: 241)

Christisonia calcarata Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: [6] t. 1426 (1849). Syn.: = Christisonia lawii Wight (1849) (Nandikar & al. 2013: 28); = Christisonia stocksii Hook. (1852). Ind. loc.: "Tannah [Thane]. near Bombay [Mumbai]. J.S. Law, Esq.". Ic.: Wight, 1849: t. 1426; photos Sx2-oR21ITk, 83oVoM_pyMs ... in Efloraofindia (accessed Apr 2019). Herbarium Specimens: Typus: India, Bombay (Mumbai) in Herb. Wight, J.S. Law s.n. (K, lectotype– sh. 000821668, designated here)" (Nandikar & al. 2013: 28)

Christisonia flammea Sedgw. in Journ. Ind. Bot. 2: 123 (1921)

Christisonia grandiflora Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 155 (1847). Syn.: = Christisonia tricolor Gardner (1847) (Thwaites 1864: 222). Ind. loc.: "Hab. — Parasitic on the root of a large Acanthaceous shrub, on the ascent of Adam's Peak from Ratnapoora [Ratnapura, Sri Lanka], at an elevation of about 5,000 feet."

Christisonia hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4(11): 321[-322] (1884 [Jan 1884]). Syn.: ? = Christisonia scortechinii Prain (1904) (Van Der Ent & Wrong 2015); = Christisonia sinensis Beck (1930) (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998); = Gleadovia lepoense Hu (1939). Ind. loc.: "Sikkim Himalaya [India], in low valleys, and Khasia Mts. [Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India], alt. 2-4000 ft., J.D.H. &- T.T.". Host.: "parasitic on Yushania [Poaceae]" (Flora of Taiwan (2 ed.) 4: 717). Herbarium Specimens: Hab. Sikkim / alt. 3-4000 ft. Coll J.D.H. (K 000999890, syntype); Hab. Khasia / alt. 2-4000 ft. Coll J.D.H. &- T.T. (K 000999891, syntype)

Christisonia indica Anil Kumar in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 30(2): 285[-287, f. 1] (2006 [15 Sep 2006]). Ind. loc.: "Idukki Dist. [Kerala, India], Mannavan shola patches and 3rd mile, Onnamkurukku, 1850 m, 1995-10-2, R. Anilkumar 104824, holotype MH" (IPNI 77089058-1)

Christisonia keralensis Erady in J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 64(1): 10, f. 1-15 (1967 [Apr ? 1967]). Ind. loc.: "Nelliyampathi Hills in the Western Ghats, Kerala State, South India ... about 500 metres ... parasitantes Ficus asperrimae [F. asperrima Roxb. (F. exasperata Vahl), Moraceae] radices", 1960-8-17, N.A. Erady 1117, holotype Govt. College Victoria, Palghat Herb. (view IPNI entry)

Christisonia kwangtungensis (Hu) G.D. Tang, J.F. Liu & W.B. Yu in Syst. Bot. 44(1): 79 (2019). Syn.: ≡ Gleadovia kwangtungensis Hu (1939); ? = Christisonia hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f. (1884) (Hassler 2019). Ind. loc.: China [中国], Guangdong [广东省 / Kwangtung / Canton Province]. Ic.: Tang & al., 2019: 78 f. 4. Herbarium Specimens: "Type: China. Guangdong, foot-hills of Danxia mountain, in bamboo forest. July 24, 1930, S. P. Ko. 50660, (holotype: IBSC, 0004800!)" (Tang & al. 2019); NAS 00242355 [Diels 31022] - https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=dbcb2b45 (paratype)

Christisonia lawii Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: [6] t. 1427 (1849) (TL-2 n. 17.579). Syn.: ≡ Campbellia lawii (Wight) Benth. & Hook. f. (1876); = Christisonia calcarata Wight (1849) (Nandikar & al. 2013: 28). Ind. loc.: "Tannah [Thane], near Bombay [Mumbai], J.S. Law, Esq.". Herbarium Specimens: Thane (Bombay), Law (K 000821672, type); Salsette, Dalzell (K 000821671) (Nandikar & al. 2013: 27)

Christisonia legocia Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 317 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Syn.: ≡ Campbellia aurantiaca Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: [5] t. 1424 (1849); ≡ Legocia aurantiaca (Wight) Livera (1927). Ind. loc.: "Ceylon [Sri Lanka] (nach Livera)". Ic.: Wight 1849: t. 1424

Christisonia mira J. Mathew in Telopea 18: 425 (2015 [30 Sep 2015]) [epublished]. Ind. loc.: "Type: India, Western Ghats, Kerala, Kollam district, Vellakkaltheri, altitude 1800 m, 9°07'11" N, 77°13'05" E, 9 Jun 2012, Jose Mathew 3076 (holo: MH; iso: TBGT)." (view IPNI entry). Ic.: photos by J. Mathew in keralaplants.blogspot.com/2016/08/ (accessed Apr 2019)

Christisonia neilgherrica Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 157[-158] (1847). Syn.: ≡ Campbellia neilgherrica (Gardner) Panigrahi & G.C. Das; = Phelypaea cytinoides Reut. (1847) (Thwaites 1864: 222; Hook. f. 1884: 323); = Campbellia cytinoides (Reut.) Wight (1849) (Trimen 1885: 240); = Cliffordia zeylanica Livera (1927). Ind. loc.: "Hab. — In woods near Pycarrah, on the Neilgherry Mountains [Nilgiri Mountains, South India], Peninsula of India, Dr. Wight.". Herbarium Specimens: Wight (K 000999892, type); "Phelipaea ? / Neilgnerries / Gardner" (K 000999893); Wight (K 000999894, type)

Christisonia pallida Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 159 (1847). Syn.: = Christisonia bicolor Gardner (1847). Ind. loc.: "Hab. — On the Hunnisgiria [Hunnasgiriya] range, Central Province, Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. Mr. Lear, 1839."

Christisonia rodgeri W.W. Sm. & S.C. Banerji in Rec. Bot. Surv. 6: 30 (1914). Syn.: ≡ Aeginetia rodgeri (W.W. Sm. & Banerji) Livera (1927). Ind. loc.: "Burma [Myanmar]:—Ruby Mines Division, Mogok, at an altitude of 2,000 ft.; flowers in July; Rodger No. 159 in Herb. Calc. !"

Christisonia saulierei Dunn in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914(1): 30 (1914 [23 Feb 1914]). Syn.: ≡ Aeginetia saulierei (Dunn) Livera (1927). Ind. loc.: "India. Madras Presidency: Madura District; Kodaikanal [Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu], 2040 m., Saulière 142". Herbarium Specimens:  "142. ... / India: Madura Distr.; Kodaikanal 6800 ft. / Coll. Rev. A. Saulière 5 Sept. 1913" (K 000999900, type)

Christisonia scortechinii Prain in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 73(5): 205 (1904 [30 Dec 1904]). Syn.: ≡ Aeginetia scortechinii Livera (1927); ? = Christisonia hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f. (1884) (Van der Ent & Wrong 2015); = Christisonia sinensis Beck (1930); = Christisonia wightii Elmer (1915) (Barlow 1982; Parnell & al. 2014; Van Der Ent & Wrong 2015). Ind. loc.: "Malayan Peninsula: Perak [Malaysia], Scortechini 2121 !". Ic.: Van der Ent & Wrong, 2015: f. 1. Herbarium Specimens: Perak, Scortechini (CAL 0000025048, holotype; K 000899781, isotype) (Van der Ent & Wrong, 2015)

Christisonia siamensis Craib in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914(1): 129 (1914) (Parnell & al., 2014). Syn.: ≡ Aeginetia siamensis (Craib) Livera (1927). Ind. loc.: "Mê Nan, Sop Ngao [Lampang Province, Thailand], in bamboo jungle, 210 m., Kerr 2406". Ic.: Benniamin & al., 2012: 219 f. 2, 220 f. 3. Herbarium Specimens: Me Nan, Kerr 2406 (K 000999901, type (Benniamin & al. 2012)); Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakornrajasima (IND 0117054 - 15810540)

Christisonia sinensis Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 314 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]) (Tang & al. 2019). Syn.: ? = Christisonia hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f. (1884) (Zhang & Tzvelev, 1998; Van der Ent & Wrong, 2015, "C. hookeri sensu Zhang and Tzvelev (1998: 242), non Hooker (1885)"); = Christisonia scortechinii Prain (1904) (Van der Ent & Wrong 2015). Ind. loc.: "China [中国]: Prov. Yünnan [Yunnan / 云南省], in temperierten Regenwäldern bei Alülaka am Flusse Ludjiang (Salween) unter Tschamutung zwischen Bambusen bei 2850 m Seehöhe im Juli 1916 (Handel-Mazzetti, Iter sinense 1914-1918 n. 9595 in Herb. Wien!)". Ic.:  Tang & al. 2019: 79 f. 5; flickriver 4927639081 et flickriver 4928219216/ in flickriver C. sinensis (accessed Apr 2019). Herbarium Specimens: Yunnan, 2850 m, 31 July 1916, Handel-Mazzetti 9595 (WU 0060576, holotype)

Christisonia spectabilis Thwaites ex Trim. in J. Bot. 23: 241 (1885) ["C. spectabilis Thw. ms."], pro syn. Syn.: ≡ Cliffordia spectabilis (Thwaites ex Trim.) Livera (1927); = Christisonia bicolor Gardner (1847)

Christisonia stocksii Hook., Icon. Pl. 9: t. 836 (1851 [1852 publ. Apr-Dec 1851]). Syn.: = Christisonia calcarata Wight (1849) (Nandikar & al., 2013: 26). Ind. loc.: "Hab. Scinde [Sindh, Pakistan]; parasitic on the roots of Strobilanthes [Acanthaceae] during the rains. Dr. Stocks. Salsette [Maharashtra, India]; parasitic on the roots of Strobilanthes, N.A. Dalzell, Esq.". Herbarium Specimens: Salsette, Dalzell (K 000821671) (Nandikar & al., 2013: 27)

Christisonia subacaulis (Benth.) Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 162 (1847). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea subacaulis Benth. (1835) (Gardner 1847: 162); ≡ Orobanche subacaulis Benth. ex Walp. (1852), pro syn. (Gardner 1847: 162); ≡ Campbellia subacaulis (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. (1876); ≡ Aeginetia subacaulis (Benth.) Livera (1927). Ind. loc.: "Hab. — "In Peninsula [Indian subcontinent]? In Herb. Madr. cum AEginetia abbreviata miscitur." Benth. l.c." (Gardner 1847: 162); "In Peninsulâ Indiae orientales" (Reuter 1847: 11). Ic.:  Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4(3): t. 1424 (1849). Herbarium Specimens: "595/1835 Courtallam [Tamil Nadu, India] Phelipaea subacaulis [Leg. R. Wight]" (K 000999885)

Christisonia thwaitesii Trim. in J. Bot. 23: 240 (1885) ["Christisonia (Oligopholis) Thwaitesii Trim."]. Syn.: – Christisonia unicolor sensu Thw., Enum. PI. Zeyl.: 222 (1864) [pro max. part.], ? Christisonia unicolor Gardner (1847) (Trimen, 1885: 240); – Christisonia neilgherrica sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4(11): 322 [pro parte], non Christisonia neilgherrica Gardner (1847) (Trimen, 1885: 240). Ind. loc.: "Hab. Palagalla [Sri Lanka], Oct. 1853. (C.P. 2971 in Herb. Perad.)" (Trimen, 1885: 240)

Christisonia tomentosa J. Mathew & Kad.V. George in Webbia 70(2): 227 (2015 [11 Sep 2015]) [epublished]. "southern Western Ghats, Kollam district [Kerala, India], Vellakkaltheri, 1800 m, 9° 13' 10" N 77° 9' 16" E, 2012-6-9, Jose Mathew 3081, holotype MH isotype TBGT" (view IPNI entry)

Christisonia tricolor Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 156 (1847). Syn.: = Christisonia grandiflora Gardner (1847) (Thwaites, 1864: 222). Ind. loc.: "Hab. — Parasitical on the roots of Acanthaceous shrubs in forests on the Hautane and Rambodde ranges, Ceylon [Sri Lanka], at an elevation of from 3 to 4000 feet. Flowers in June to August". Herbarium Specimens: "641 / Ceylon / Gardner" (K 000999897, type); "Ceylon / Mrs. Walker" (K 000999898)

Christisonia tricolor var. grandiflora (Gardner) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4(11): 323 (1884 [Jan 1884]). Syn.: ≡ Christisonia grandiflora Gardner (1847); = Christisonia tricolor Gardner (1847). Obs. "C. grandiflora, Gardn. l.c. 155; Thwaites I.c. 221. Ceylon; Adam's Peak, alt. 5000 ft., Gardner."

Christisonia tubulosa (Wight) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4(11): 321 (1884 [Jan 1884]). Syn.: ≡ Oligopholis tubulosa Wight (1849). Ind. loc.: "Courtallum [Courtallam, Western Ghats, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India], parasitic on roots of Bamboos? flowering September." (Wight, 1850: 5); "South Deccan; Kurg and Courtallam, Wight" (Hook. f. 1884: 321). Ic.: Wight 1849: t. 1422; Sankara Rao & al. 2019; photos HtbhWiD4cI0 in Efloraofindia (accessed Apr 2019); India Biodiversity 229186 (accessed Apr 2019). Herbarium Specimens: Wight (K 000999886, type)

Christisonia unicolor Gardner in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: 161 (1847). Syn.: ≡ Cliffordia unicolor (Gardner) Livera (1927); ? = Campbellia cytinoides (Reut.) Wight (1849) (Thwaites 1864: 222; Hook. f. 1884: 323). Ind. loc.: "Hab. — Hunnisgiria [Hunnasgiriya] range, Central Province, Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. Mr. Lear, 1839."

Christisonia wightii Elmer in Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2793 (1915). Syn.: = Christisonia scortechinii Prain (1904) (Van der Ent & Wrong 2015). Ind. loc.: "Type specimen number 9510, A.D.E. Elmer, Dumaguete (Cuernos Mts.), Province of Negros Oriental [Central Visayas, Philippines], Negros, March, 1908. ... Collected in rich damp ground among the tussocks of Amomum fusiforme Ridl. [Zingiberaceae] ... at 1750 feet". Host: "parasite of sugarcane [Saccharum sp. (Gramineae)]" (Quisumbing, 1940). Herbarium Specimens: "(holotype PNH, not found, probably destroyed)" (Van Der Ent & Wrong 2015)

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Cistanche

Cistanche Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 318, t. 63 (1813). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche subg. Cistanche (Hoffmanns. & Link) Schmalh. (1897); ≡ Phelypaea sect. Cistanche (Hoffmanns. & Link) Walp. (1844); ≡ Phelypaea sect. Cistanche (Hoffmanns. & Link) Reut. (1847); ≡ Phelypaea sect. Cistanche (Hoffmanns. & Link) Ledeb. (1849); ≡ Phelypaea sect. Cistanche (Hoffmanns. & Link) Willk. (1870); = Orobanche sect. Haemodoron Wallr. (1825). Type Name: Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link (1813) [≡ Cistanche phelypaea subsp. lutea (Desf.) Fern. Casas & M. Laínz (1973)] (Tzvelev 1981: 318[435]). Obs. Carlón & al. 2005: 57

Cistanche subg. Cistanche [Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 59 [54-59] (2017)] [unpublished thesis is not effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1))]. Type Name: Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link (1813)

Cistanche subg. Subcistanche (Beck) Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 59 [54-59] (2017) [unpublished thesis is not effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1))]. Syn.: ≡ Cistanche sect. Subcistanche Beck (1930). Type Name: Cistanche sinensis Beck (1930) (Beck 1930: 27, "Species unica")

Cistanche sect. Cistanche. Syn.: ≡ Cistanche sect. Eucistanche Beck (1890), nom. inval. [not validly published] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3). Type Name: Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link (1813) [≡ Cistanche phelypaea subsp. lutea (Desf.) Fern. Casas & M. Laínz (1973)] (Tzvelev 1981: 318[435])

Cistanche sect. Cistanchiella Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: [27,] 40 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]). Type Name: Cistanche ridgewayana Aitch. & Hemsl. (1888) (Beck 1930: 27)

Cistanche sect. Cistanchopsis Beck in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 129 (1895). Syn.: = Cistanche sect. Heterocalyx Beck (1890) (Beck 1930: 38). Type Name: Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895) (Beck 1895: 129). Diagnosis: "Sect. II. Cistanchopsis. G. Beck. Kelch rückwärts tiefer gespalten, mit 4 Zipfeln, von denen die vorderen breiter und stumpf, die hinteren schmäler und oft spitz. — 1i Art, C. fissa (C.A. Mey.) G. Beck, mit behaarten Kelchen und Blumen, im Kaukasus."

Cistanche sect. Eucistanche Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 57 (1890) [et in Engler u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 129 (1895); et Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 27 (1930)], nom. inv. (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3). Syn.: ≡ Cistanche sect. Cistanche

Cistanche sect. Heterocalyx Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 57 (1890) [et Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: [27,] 38 (1930)]. Syn.: = Cistanche sect. Cistanchopsis Beck (1895). Type Name: Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895) (Beck 1895: 129). Diagnosis: "während bei der zweiten Reihe (Sect. Heterocalyx) ein rückwärts tiefer eingeschnittener viertheiliger Kelch angetroffen wird, dessen vordere Lappen breit und stumpf sind, während die 2 hinteren schmäleren Zähne spitz zulaufen, ein Fall der bei keiner Orobancheart sich vorfindet"

Cistanche sect. Macrocalycinum Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 136 (2017) [unpublished thesis is not effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1))]. Syn.: = Cistanche sect. Eucistanche Beck (1890), nom. inval. [p.p. min.]. Type Name: Cistanche macrocalycinum Ataei (2017) [unpublished thesis]

Cistanche sect. Salsae Kravtsova in Opred. Zarazikhovykh Fl. SSSR (ed. Budantsev): 36 (1993) (https://www.ipni.org/n/990471-1). Syn.: = Cistanche sect. Eucistanche (1890), p.p. min. Type Name: Phelypaea salsa C.A. Mey. (1830); ≡ Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895)

Cistanche sect. Subcistanche Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: [27,] 38 (1930 [30 Sep 1930]) [Z.Y. Zhang in Bull. Bot. Res. 4(4): 113 (1984)]. Type Name: Cistanche sinensis Beck (1930) (Beck 1930: 27, "Species unica")

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Cistanche afghanica Gilli in Candollea 34(2): 288 (1979). Syn.: = Cistanche trivalvis (Trautv.) Korsh. (1896)

Cistanche algeriensis Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 72[-73] (2017) [unpublished thesis is not effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1))]. Syn.: = Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link (1813)

Cistanche allochroa Chiov., Res. Sci. Somalia Ital. 1: 131 (1916). Syn.: = Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Deflers (1896)

Cistanche almeriensis Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 69[-72], 70 f. 4.6 (2017) [no effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1))]. Syn.: = Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link (1813)

Cistanche ambigua (Bunge) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 40 (1930). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea ambigua Bunge (1851); = Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895) (Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 14); ≠ Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895) (Beck 1930: 40)

Cistanche ambigua auct., non Cistanche ambigua (Bunge) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 40 (1930). Syn.: = Cistanche trivalvis (Trautv.) Korsh. (1896)

Cistanche armena (K. Koch) M.V. Agab. in Fl. Medit. 23: 135 (2013). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea armena K. Koch (1844)

Cistanche bamianica Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 131, 134 f. 4.26 (2017) [unpublished thesis is not effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1)) [in sched.; Cistanche aff. fissa 1 (Ataei & al. 2020: 4 f. 1)]. Syn.: = Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895)

Cistanche bilobata Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 133 (2017) [unpublished thesis is not effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1)) [Cistanche aff. fissa 2 (Ataei & al. 2020: 4 f. 1)]. Syn.: = Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895)

Cistanche brunneri (Webb) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 35 (1930). Syn.: ? = Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link (1813)

Cistanche calotropidis (Edgew.) Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 266 (1890). Syn.: = Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Deflers (1896)

Cistanche calotropidis (Edgew.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 34 (1930). Syn.: = Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Deflers (1896)

Cistanche calotropidis var. tomentosa (Hook. f.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 34 (1930). Syn.: = Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Deflers (1896)

Cistanche carnosa Pax in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 651 (1907). Syn.: = Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Deflers (1896)

Cistanche chabaharensis Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 82[-84], 83 f. 4.11 (2017) [no effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1))]. Syn.: = Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Deflers (1896)

Cistanche compacta (Viv.) Bég. & Vacc., Sp. Nuove Fl. Libia: 2 (1912). Syn.: ? = Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Deflers (1896)

Cistanche compacta (Viv.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 34 (1930), comb. superfl. Syn.: ? = Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Deflers (1896)

Cistanche christisonioides Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 36 (1930). Syn.: ? = Cistanche flava (C.A. Mey.) Korsh. (1896)

Cistanche deserticola Ma in Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongolicae 1960(1): 63 (1960). Syn.: ≡ Cistanche deserticola Ma (1977)

Cistanche eremodoxa Bornm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 336 (1936) (Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 14). Syn.: = Cistanche trivalvis (Trautv.) Korsh. (1896); ≠ Cistanche ambigua (Bunge) Beck (1930)

Cistanche feddeana K.S. Hao in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 222 (1934 [5 Nov 1934]). Syn.: ? = Orobanche cumana Wallr. (1825); ?  = Orobanche coerulescens Stephan emend. Willd. (1800). Ind. loc.: "China: Prov. Szechuan [Sichuan], in den Wäldern, bei der Stadt Chaohua Hsien, um 450 m ü. M., mit Früchten und Blüten, gesammelt von K.S. Hao no. 282, 25.V.1930" (http://www.gbif.org/species/3730687). Holotype: PE 00032936 - http://petype.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/6759

Cistanche feddeana auct., non Cistanche feddeana K.S. Hao in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 222 (1934 [5 Nov 1934]) Syn.: – Cistanche lanzhouensis Zhi Y. Zhang (1984) [Grubov, Key Vas. Pl. Mongol.: 228, t. 121, f. 548 (1982)]; – Cistanche sinensis Beck (1930)

Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 129 (1895). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea fissa C.A. Mey. (1831)

Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Grossh. in Trud. Geobot. Obsl. Pastb. S. S. R. Azerb., Baku (Trans. Geobot. Invest. Pasturelands, Azerb.) Ser. A. No. 5 (1930), nom. superfl. Syn.: ≡ Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895)

Cistanche fissa var. barbata Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 40 (1930). Syn.: = Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895)

Cistanche fissa var. sintenisii (Beck) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 40 (1930). Syn.: = Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895)

Cistanche flava (C.A. Mey.) Korsh. in Zap. Imp. Akad. Nauk Fiz.-Mat. Otd.: 5 (1896). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea flava C.A. Mey. (1831)

Cistanche flava subsp. bicolor Saeidi & Shahi in Iranian J. Bot. 14(2): 96, f. 1 (2008). Syn.: ? = Cistanche flava (C.A. Mey.) Korsh. (1896)

Cistanche flava subsp. brevibracteata Ataei in Molec. Syst. Evol. Cistanche: 90 (2017) [no effective publication (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 29-31 (Art. 6.1))]. Syn.: = Cistanche flava (C.A. Mey.) Korsh. (1896)