Accepted Name - Basionymum / Basionym - Synonyms - Ind. loc. [Indicatio locotypica (type locality)] - Lectotypus [Lectotype] - Designated by - Host - Comments - Chromosomatic number - Ic. [Images] - Distribution - Specimens Examined - References - Authors - Cite us

Accepted Name:

Diphelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Nicolson in Taxon, 24 (5-6): 654 (1975)

Basionymum / Basionym:

≡ Orobanche coccinea M. Bieb., Tabl. Prov. Casp.: 58 (1798) [O. coccinea M. Bieb., Fl. Taur. Cauc. 2: 84 (1808)] (cf. Poiret, 1804: 268; Don, 1838: 633). Ic.: Reichenbach, Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: t. 699 f. 937-938 (1829) (sec. Reichenbach, 1829: 49, "937. 938. e Caucaso ill. Ledebour."). Obs. "Color sanguineus" (cf. Reichenbach, 1829: 49)

Synonyms:

≡ Orobanche coccinea Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 354 (1800), nom. superfl. Ind. loc.: "Habitat in Siberia versus Mare Caspium" (cf. Poiret, 1804: 268; Persoon, 1806: 181; Steudel, 1841: 318; Ledebour, 1849: 324)

≡ Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir., Encycl. 5: 268 (1804 [9 Jan. 1804]). Ind. loc.: "Cette plante croît en Sibérie, sur les bords de la mer Caspienne". Obs. "feuilles alternes ... trois ou quatre ... calice est campanulé profondément, divise en cinq découpures lancéolées ... corolla est d'un rouge pourpre..." (cf. Poiret, 1804: 268; Walpers, 1844: 481; Grossheim, 1934: 8; Grossheim, 1949: 352)

≡ Phelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Pers., Syn. Pl.: 181 (1806 [Nov. 1806]), nom. superfl. Ind. loc.: "Habit. prope mare Caspium" (cf. Don, 1838: 633, = Anoplon biebersteinii; Steudel, 1841: 318, = Phelypaea foliata Lamb.; Walpers, 1844: 481, ≡ Anoplanthus coccineus (M. Bieb.) Walp.; Ledebour, 1849: 324, = Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut.)

≡ Aeginetia coccinea (M. Bieb.) Juss. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 481 (1844) ["Aeginetia coccinea Juss. mss."], pro syn. (cf. Steudel, 1841: 318)

≡ Anoplanthus coccineus (M. Bieb.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 481 (1844 [12-14 Sept. 1844]) (cf. Stapf, 1915: 288)

≡ Anoplon coccineum (M. Bieb.) Riedl & Schiman-Czeika in Rechinger, Fl. Iranica 5: 2 (1964)

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= Lathraea phelipaea Gueldenst., Reisen 1: 422 (1787) ["Itin. I"], non Lathraea phelypaea L., Sp. Pl.: 606 (1753) (cf. Don, 1838: 633, = Anoplon biebersteinii; Steudel; Ledebour, 1849: 324, = Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut.; Stapf, 1915: 286; view IPNI entry)

= Lathraea phelipaea Georgi, Beschreib. Russ. Reiches 3(5): 1102 (1800), non Lathraea phelypaea L., Sp. Pl.: 606 (1753) (cf. Stapf, 1915: 286)

= Orobanche phelypaea M. Bieb., Beschreib. Land Casp.: 179 (1800) [nom. illeg.], non Orobanche phelypaea Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 352 (1800) [nom. illeg.], nec Orobanche phelypaea Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 70 (1825) [nom. illeg.]. Syn.: ≡ Anoplon biebersteinii C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 104 (1831 [Nov.-Dec. 1831]); ≡ Phelypaea biebersteinii Fisch. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 481 (1844); ≡ Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 42 (1847) (cf. Steudel, 1841: 318; Walpers, 1844: 481; Stapf, 1915: 292). Ind. loc.: "In Tauriâ (Bieb.) [Tauria / Taurica / Chersonesus Taurica / Tauric Chersonese / Crimea / Krym, Ukraine]" (cf. Reuter, 1847: 42)

= Phelypaea foliata Lamb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 260 t. 7 (1811). Syn.: ≡ Lathraea phelypaea Pall. ex Lamb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 260 (1811). Ind. loc.: "Habitat in monte Caucaso et Tauriâ. Pall. MSS." [Pallasina collection] [Caucasus Mountains et Crimea / Krym, Ukraine] (cf. Don, 1838: 633; Steudel, 1841: 318; Ledebour, 1849: 324, = Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut.); "Discovered by Güldenstedt in Kachetia [Kakheti / Kaxeti, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia] (cf. Stapf, 1915: 294)

= Lathraea phelypaea Pall. ex Lamb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 260 (1811) ["Pall. MSS."], pro syn., non Lathraea phelypaea L., Sp. Pl.: 606 (1753) (cf. Steudel, 1841: 318)

= Anoplon biebersteinii C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 104 (1831 [Nov.-Dec. 1831]) (cf. Don, 1838: 633; Steudel, 1841: 318; Stapf, 1915: 288)

= Phelypaea biebersteinii Fisch. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 481 (1844), pro syn. ["Phelipaea ... Biebersteinii Fisch. mss."]

= Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 42 (1847). Syn.: ≡ Anoplon biebersteinii C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 104 (1831 [Nov.-Dec. 1831]); ≡ Phelypaea biebersteinii Fisch. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 481 (1844) (cf. Ledebour, 1849: 324). Ind. loc.: "In Tauriâ (Bieb.) [Tauria / Taurica / Chersonesus Taurica / Tauric Chersonese / Crimea / Krym, Ukraine]" (cf. Reuter, 1847: 42)

? = Phelypaea helenae Popl., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR.: 385 (1928) (cf. Rix & Webb, 1972: 294).

? = Anoplanthus helenae (Popl.) Stankov in Stankov & Taliev, Syst. Classif. Vasc. Pl. Eur. Russ.: 825 (1949) [Stankov in Stankov & Taliev, Opred. Vysš. Rast. Evr. Časti SSSR: 825 (1949)] (view IPNI entry)

? = Phelypaea bayerni Novopokr. in Grossh., Opred. Rast. Kavk.: 730 (1949). Ind. loc.: "southern Transcaucasia" (cf. Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev, 1958[2000]: 33-34). Obs. "their origen as a result of hybridization of Ph. coccinea and Ph. Tournefortii is not ruled out" (cf. Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev (1958[2000]: 34)

? = Diphelypaea helenae (Popl.) Tzvelev in Fedorov, An.A. (Ed. Ch.). Fl. Evropeĭskoĭ Chasti SSSR 5: 319 (1981). Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea helenae Popl., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR.: 385 (1928) (sec. N.N. Tzvelev, 1981 [2001]: 319[438]); ≡ Anoplanthus helenae (Popl.) Stankov in Stankov & Taliev, Syst. Classif. Vasc. Pl. Eur. Russ.: 825 (1949); ? = Diphelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Nicolson (1975) (sec. N.N. Tzvelev, 1981[2001]: 438, «a "color" variant"»; Rix & Webb, 1972: 294); = Phelypaea coccinea f. aurantiaca Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 43 (1930). Ind. loc.: "Type: Described from the Crimean reserve [Crimean Natural Reserve, Crimea / Krym, Ukraine] (iso-LE); [type apparently lost]" (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev, 1958[2000]: 34); «Crimea [Krym, Ukraine] ("Alushta District, Crimean State Preserve, southern dry slope of hill") ... parasitizing Centaurea declinata Bieb.» (sec. N.N. Tzvelev, 1981[2001]: 319[438]); "Parasite on Psephellus declinatus (M. Bieb.) K. Koch [Centaurea declinata M. Bieb.] ... European part: Crimea. Endemic" (cf. Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev (1958[2000]: 34). Obs. Tzvelev, N.N. in Fedorov, An.A. (Ed. Ch.). Flora of Russia... 5: 438 (1981 [2001]) ["Comb. nov."]; (IK) view IPNI entry. According to Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev (1958[2000]: 34-35), D. helenae ("corolla orange-yellow") is a different species to D. coccinea ("corolla bright-red") "Parasite on Psephellus declinatus (M. Bieb.) K. Koch [Centaurea declinata M. Bieb.] ... European part: Crimea. Endemic ... Both yellow and red forms are encountered together on stony slopes of mountains of the Crimean reserve on the same host-plant". "Studies by T.G. Saturyan (1974, loc. cit.) seemingly confirm the independent status of this species. However, it is not ruled out that it is all but a "color" variant of the previous species" (cf. Tzvelev (1981[2001]: 438)

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? = Phelypaea coccinea f. aurantiaca Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 43 (1930). Ind. loc.: "[Georgia-Dagestan] ... f. Radde" ?]

– Orobanche purpurea Böb. in Georgi, Beschreib. Russ. Reiches 3(5): 1178 (1800), non Orobanche purpurea Jacq., Enum. Stirp. Vindob.: 108, 252 (1762) (cf. Ledebour, 1849: 325)

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Ind. loc.: "west coast of the Caspian Sea" [Caucasus] (cf. Nicolson, 1975: 654).

Typus / Type: (iso-LE); [type apparently lost]" (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev, 1958[2000]: 34); "Typus: In berbidis Caucasi, M. B. LE!" (sec. Schiman-Czeika, 1964: 2); "to typify Orobanche coccinea on Marschall von Bieberstein's Caucasian materials (Leningrad)" (cf. Nicolson, 1975: 654); "holo. LE" (sec. Gilli, 1982: 2).

Designated by: H. Schiman-Czeika. Orobanchaceae. In Rechinger, K.H. (ed.). FLora Iranica: 2. 1964.

Host: Parasitic exclusively on Centaurea [Psephellus] species (Compositae). "Centaurea dealbata" (cf. Stapf, 1915: 295); "Ad radices Centaurearum (C. dealbata Willd. [Psephellus dealbatus (Willd.) K. Koch] et aliarum" (cf. Beck, 1930: 42); "parasitizing Centaurea declinata Bieb. [Psephellus declinatus (M. Bieb.) K. Koch]" (sec. N.N. Tzvelev, 1981[2001]: 437, t. 41 f.1, 438); "Parasitica in Centaureis diversis" (sec. Schiman-Czeika, 1964: 2) (cf. Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of Orobanchaceae, accessed 24 August 2009).

Comments: Diphelypaea coccinea, D. boissieri and D. helenae seem to be very closely related to one another and the present treatment is provisional (D. helenae are included in D. coccinea) and D. boissieri is considered by us to be an independent species ["scapo crasso breviore ... squamis amplis ovato-cucullatis approximatis" (cf. Reuter, 1847: 42. sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii var. boissieri).

According to (Stapf, 1915: 290, sub Ph. boissieri and Ph. foliata; Rix & Webb, 1972: 294, sub Ph. boissieri and Ph. coccinea and Cullen, 2010, sub Ph. boissieri and Ph. coccinea), D. boissieri ("corolla-lobes orbicular, overlapping; anthers hairy") is a different species to D. coccinea ("corolla-lobes obovate-orbicular, not overlapping, anthers glabrous")].

Key to these species (Stapf, 1915: 290; Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev (1958[2000]: 33[26]; Cullen, 2010: 383-384).

"without full basionym ref." view IPNI entry (searchpage IK). The reference to the place of publication of the basionym in "References"! (cf. Nicolson, 1975).

Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 57 [x = 19, sub Phelypaea (syn. Diphelypaea)], 61 f. 4 ["Phylogenetic relationships", sub Phelypaea], 63 (2005).

SIUC (Parasitic Plant Connection), accessed 6 Feb. 2006.

Chromosomatic number: n = 19, 2n = 38 (cf. Schneeweiss & al., 2004 f. 1f, g, sub Diphelypaea [D. coccinea]; Carlón & al., 2005: 57, sub Phelypaea [Ph. coccinea; Georgia, Garejis, between Lambalo and Udabno]).

Ic.: a, Reichenbach, Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 49 "937. 938. e Caucaso ill. Ledebour.", t. 699 f. 937-938 (1829); b, Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 43 f. 9 (1930); c, Lambert in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 260 t. 7 (1811); d, sub Ph. foliata (cf. Stapf, 1915: 292; Stapf, 1915: t. 8615) (Botanicus, accessed 6 Dec. 2010); e, N.N. Tzvelev in Flora of Russia... 5: 437, t. 41 f.1 (1981 [2001]); f, habit ["plant growing on Psephellus... southern Georgia... July 2002 by G. Schneeweiss"]; g, Georgia... G. Schneeweiss & al. 8196 (WU 27642, WU 27643); h, flower ["The Atsunta Pass near boundary between Tusheti and Khevsureti. High valleys in the central and eastern Caucasus, the Republic of Georgia, Michael J.B. Almond"]; i, photos in www.plantarium.ru and photos in www.molbiol.ru (accessed 6 Dec. 2010); j, D. tournefortii vs. D. coccinea vs. D. boissieri (P, habits and calyces).

Distribution: Eurasian distribution [Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia]; Eurasian distribution (sec. Domina & Raab-Straube, 2010, sub Phelypaea coccinea, accessed 20 July 2010).

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Specimens examined and literature records.

Armenia / Hayastan

"Armenia" (cf. Walpers, 1844: 481, sub Anoplanthus coccineus); "Gouv. Eriwan [Erywan / Yerevan / Jerewan] "Armenia Rossica," Szowitz in Herb. Besser at Kew. Ararat and Alagos, 1300-1525 m, Wagner (acc. to Tchichatcheff)." (cf. Stapf, 1915: 294, sub Phelypaea foliata); "Armenia" (cf. Schiman-Czeika, 1964: 2, sub Anoplon coccineum); "Armenia, prov. Vayots Dzor, pr. Ger-Ger, 39°47'09" N 45°32'15" E, Herrero, A. & al. 2811, 2005-06-24" ([ex herb. MA] W 2007-0011904, sub Phelypaea coccinea).

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Azerbaijan / Azərbaycan / Азәрбајҹан / Azerbaiyán

"territor. Elisabethpol et provinc Karabagh [Nagorno-Karabakh] (Hohenack.)" (cf. Ledebour, 1849: 325, sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii); "Gouv. Karabagh [Nagorno-Karabakh], Lisogorsk, west of Schuscha; Thomin l.c. [in Acta Hort. Tifl.] iii. (1899) 65)" (cf. Stapf, 1915: 293, sub Anoplanthus coccineus var. nigrovittatus); "Gouv. Jelisawetpol [Elisabethpol / Elizavetpol / Jelisawetpol / Ganja / Kirovabad], near Helenendorf, Hohenacker!, Mount Sariah, Hohenacker. Karabagh, without precise locality, Hohenacker." (cf. Stapf, 1915: 294, sub Phelypaea foliata); "Jelisabetpol und Karabagh [Nagorno-Karabakh]: um Jelisabetpol (Hohenacker), Lysogorsk [Lisogorsk Sovxozu / Lysogorskiy, Şuşa / Shusha / Shushi, Nagorno-Karabakh] (A. Lomakin!), zwischen Daralogaz, Schuscha [Şuşa / Shusha / Shushi, Nagorno-Karabakh] (Bayern!), bei Chatoi am Aigun [Agan / Ahan / Akhan / Əhən, İsmayıllı?] bei 6000' (Bayern!)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 43, sub Phelypaea coccinea); "Азербайджан, Исмаиллинский р-н, окр. с. Ивановка. 20.04.2010" [İvanovka, İsmayıllı / Ismailli / Ismailly] (photos 1, 2 by Y. Pirogov [Юрий Пирогов], www.plantarium.ru, accessed 6 Dec. 2010).

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Georgia / Georgien

"Habitat in monte Caucaso [Caucasus] et Tauriâ [Crimea / Krym]. Pall. MSS." [Pallasina collection] (cf. Lambert, 1811: 260 t. 7, terra class. of Phelypaea foliata); "Anoplanthus Biebersteinii Reut. in Dec. XI. 42 / Phelypaea foliata. Lamb. / (Orobanche coccinea. Bbrst.) / In pratis montosis umbrosis Georgiae cauca- / sicae / Unio itiner. T. Fr. Hohenaker. Mai. 1831 / Herbarium Steudel" (P 02970928 - hb. E. Drake, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [twoo specimen well preserved]); "Phelypaea foliata Lamb. / Anoplanthus coccineus (Marschall) / in pratis montosis umbrosis / Unio itiner 1834 Georgiae caucasicae / May / T. Fr. Hohenaker." (P 02970926 - hb. E. Drake, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [only one specimen well preserved]); "Phelypaea foliata Lamb. / in pratis montosis umbrosis / Unio itiner 1834 Georgia caucasica / May / T. Fr. Hohenaker. / Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut." (P 02970927 - hb. E. Drake, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [only one entire specimen, well preserved, and one flower]); "Phelypaea Biebersteinii m. / Orobanche coccinea Willd. / excl. Synon. Tournef. / M. Caucase [Caucasus Mountains] / M. Steven ["a learned naturalist in the service of Russia" (cf. J.J. Smith, 1827); "frequent excursions to the Caucasian Mountains" (cf. W.J. Hooker, 1835)]" (P 02970931 [Herbier donné par M. Bonpland en 1833"], rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [three specimens, well preserved]); ibidem (P 02970925 - hb. Richaux, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [only one specimen, bad preserved, just a stem with leaves distributed along of this]); "Anoplon Biebersteinii / In montibus Somchetiae [prope urbem Tiflis] / C.A. Meyer // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (P 02970937 - hb. E. Cosson, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [four specimens]); "pratis montosis umbrosis Georgiae [Georgia] caucasicae (Hohenaker!)" (cf. Reuter, 1847: 42, sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii); "Iberia! [Caucasian Iberia / Iveria] (Steven pl. exs.)" (cf. Ledebour, 1849: 325, sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii); "Kachetia [Kakheti / Kaxeti] (Güldenst.)" (cf. Ledebour, 1849: 325, sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii); "Tauria et Caucasus (M.B., Stev.)" (cf. Boissier, 1879: 494, sub Anoplanthus coccineus); "3. P. foliata. Discovered by Güldenstedt in Kachetia [Kakheti / Kaxeti, Caucasus Mountains]" (cf. Stapf, 1915: 294, terra class. of Phelypaea foliata); "Gouv. Tiflis: Mzchet, Thomin; "Kachetia," Güldenstedt; without precise locality, Steven! Wilhelms! Hohenacker!" (cf. Stapf, 1915: 294, sub Phelypaea foliata); "Tiflis, in 1911 ... the host-plant was Centaurea dealbata" (cf. Stapf, 1915: 295, sub Ph. foliata; Stapf, 1915: t. 8615); "Am Flusse Schuk in Abasechien (Kolenati n. 223!); in Somchetien (Kolenati n. 2308!, C.A. Meyer!); in Grusien [Gruzija / Georgia]!, Iberien [Caucasian Iberia / Iveria] (Steven nach Ledebour, Wilhelms!), Kachetien [Kakheti / Kaxeti] (Güldenstaedt) ... Georgien [Georgia]!: (Hohenacker 1831), um Borshom [Borzhomi / Borjomi, Samtskhe-Javakheti] (Radde!), bei Utsch tapaljar in 6500' Seehöhe, südlich von Gorktschai (Radde!), um Elisabethtal (Kolenati!) um Uzchet im Mai (Rodionow!)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 43, sub Phelypaea coccinea); "Georgien ... (Radde!)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 43, terra class. of Phelypaea coccinea f. aurantiaca?); "AY209284: Georgia, Garejis, between Lambalo and Udabno, 800-900 m, on Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae), G. Schneeweiss (WU: S&T 7817)" (cf. Schneeweiss & al., 2004 sub D. coccinea; Carlón & al., 2005: 63 sub Phelypaea coccinea); "Georgia, Minor Caucasus, surroundins of the village of Azavreti (Tetrobi"), 2050-2170 m a.s.l. N 41° 36' 23'' E 43° 23' 12'' WU: S&T 8196 (15.VII.2002: G. Schneeweiss, AT, MS & PS)" (cf. Schneeweiss & al., 2004 sub D. coccinea); "Samtskhe-Javakheti, western part of the moutain range of Trialeti: surroundings of the village Azavreti; 2170 m. 43°23'12'' E, 41°36'23'' N [on (?) Psephellus karduchorum (Boiss.) Wagenitz (Centaurea karduchorum Boiss.)], G. Schneeweiß et al. 8196, 2002-07-15" (WU 27642, WU 27643) (cf. Schneeweiss & al., 2004 sub D. coccinea); "The Atsunta Pass near boundary between Tusheti and Khevsureti. High valleys in the central and eastern Caucasus, the Republic of Georgia, Michael J.B. Almond" [flower]; "Растения окрестностей Сагурамского заповедника. Дорога Цхваричамиа - Тбилиси [Saguramskogo Reserve. Road Tshvarichamia - Tbilisi]" (krasn-cvetok.jpg by David Bokuchava [Давид Бокучава], accessed 16 Dec. 2010).

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Russia / Россия / Rusia

"Cette plante croît en Sibérie, sur les bords de la mer Caspienne [Caspian sea]" (cf. Poiret, 1804: 268); "Habit. prope mare Caspium" (cf. Persoon, 1806: 181); "937. 938. e Caucaso [Caucasus] ill. Ledebour." (cf. Reichenbach, 1829: 49, sub Orobanche coccinea M. Bieb.); "Native of Tauria [Crimea / Krym] and Caucasus, in alpine regions, at the elevation of 800 to 1200 hexapods, also of Siberia, towards the Caspian sea" (cf. Don, 1838: 633, sub Anoplon biebersteinii); "Caucasia et in Sibiria versus mare Caspicum [Caspian sea]" (cf. Walpers, 1844: 481, sub Anoplanthus coccineus); "circa Thermas constantino-montanas [Konstantinogorskaya, Pjatigorsk, Stavropol Krai, North Caucasus] et in regione subalpinâ Caucasi occidentalis (C.A. Meyer), in Siberiâ versus mare Caspium [Caspian sea] (Walp.)" (cf. Reuter, 1847: 42, sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii); "Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasus / Fore-Caucasus, North Caucasus]" (cf. K. Koch, 1843: 290, sub Anoplon biebersteinii); "Rossia australi? (Böber, Georgi), Tauria [Crimea / Krym]! (Pall. in Willd. herb., M. a. Bieb.) et provincis caucasicis (M. a. Bieb.) [in regione ciscaucasica! (C. Koch), pr. Pätigorsk [Pjatigorsk]! (Höfft pl. exs.), Karass! [Kars Oblast / Karsskaya Oblast, Transcaucasian governorate?] (Hohenack.), Konstantinogorsk [Konstantinogorskaya, Pjatigorsk] (C.A. Meyer), in m. Beschtau! [Beshtau] (Höfft pl. exs.) ... region subalpina Cauc. orient., alt. 800-1200 hexap. (C.A. Meyer)" (cf. Ledebour, 1849: 325, sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii); "Caucasus: Gouv. Stawropol [Stavropol Krai, North Caucasus], between Moskowskoje and Alexandrowsk, Marschall; near Stawropol, Akinfiew. Terek Territory [Terek, North Caucasus], near Pjätigorsk, Hofft; Constantinogorsk [Konstantinogorskaya, Pjatigorsk, Stavropol Krai, North Caucasus], C.A. Meyer; "Caucasian baths," Conradi, (acc. to C. Koch); Beshtau Mountain [Beshtau], Hofft; on Centaurea dealbata, Peroffsky ["collected by Count L. Peroffsky on Beshtau proved the perennial character of the plant" (cf. F.E.L. Fischer. Notice sur les Anoplanthus de l'ancien monde. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1852: 105-108)], Hohenacker [collected by Hohenacker on Beshtau]; Daghestan [Dagestan, North Caucasian Federal District] and Shirwan, without precise localities, between 1400 and 2100 m, Marschall" (cf. Stapf, 1915: 294, sub Phelypaea foliata); "Kuban-Gebiet [North Caucasus]. — Ciscaucasien [Ciscaucasia, North Caucasus]! (C. Koch n. 2574, 5804! u. a.). — Terek-Gebiet! [Terek, North Caucasus]: um Kislowodsk [Kislovodsk, Stavropol Krai, North Caucasus] ( Fedtschenko) ... im Distrikt Pjatigorsk [Stavropol Krai, North Caucasus] (Höfft nach Ledebour), auf dem Joche Burgustau bei 3500' (Th. Alexeenko), bei Marschueh bei 2410' im Juni (A. Lilius), bei Pjatigorsk (Sergatscheff!, F.N. [C.A.] Meyer im Mai!), um Karas (Hohenacker!), bei Konstantinogorsk [Konstantinogorskaya, Pjatigorsk, Stavropol Krai, North Caucasus] (C.A. Meyer), auf d. Beschtau-Gebirge [Beshtau, Stavropol Krai, North Caucasian Federal District] (Höfft nach Ledebour im Mai, Hohenacker!, Akimfiew!). — Dagestan! [North Caucasian Federal District]: bei Gussib [Gunzib / Darabale / Darbaly / Garbutli / Гунзиб; Bezhtinskiy Uchastok Rayon] 4000-5000' im Juli (Th. Alexeenko!) und bei Derbent [Дербент] bei 800' (Th. Alexeenko!), bei Pirkent [Tekipirkent] (Radde) ... auf Voralpen [Caucasus Mountains] im östlichen Kaukasus bei 800-1200' (C.A. Meyer) (cf. Beck, 1930: 43, sub Phelypaea coccinea); "Caucasus: all regions" (cf. Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev, 1958[2000]: 34, sub Phelypaea coccinea); "southern Transcaucasia" (cf. Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev, 1958[2000]: 33-34, terra class. of Phelypaea bayerni Novopokr.); "Caucasus" (cf. Schiman-Czeika, 1964: 2, sub Anoplon coccineum); "Краснодарский край, Черноморское побережье, Геленджик, Маркотхский хребет, выс. 600 м н.у.м. 08.06.2009. [Krasnodar, Black Sea, Krasnodar Krai / Kuban, Gelendzhik, Markotkhsky, 600 m, 06.08.2009]", "Северный Кавказ, Кавминводы, г. Бештау. 10.07.2007 [Beshtau, Stavropol Krai, North Caucasian Federal District]" (photos by M. Sokolova [Марина Соколова] and Alexander Ivanov [Александр Иванов], www.plantarium.ru, accessed 6 Dec. 2010; photos in www.molbiol.ru, accessed 6 Dec. 2010); "бештау, дифелипея красная, лето, пятигорск" [Beshtau, Stavropol Krai, North Caucasian Federal District] (photos 1, 2 by Сергей, Альбом «Бештау», accessed 16 Dec. 2010).

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Ukraine / Україна / Ukrayina / Украи́на / Ukraina / Ucrania

"bei Kobardinskaja und Balka [Holodnaya Balka, south-east of Ukraine in Donetsk Oblast?] im Juni (Doppelmayr!)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 43, sub Phelypaea coccinea).

Crimea / Krym: "Habitat in monte Caucaso [Caucasus] et Tauriâ [Crimea / Krym]. Pall. MSS." [Pallasina collection] (cf. Lambert, 1811: 260 t. 7, terra class. of Phelypaea foliata); "Native of Tauria [Tauriâ / Taurica / Chersonesus Taurica / Tauric Chersonese / Crimea / Krym]" (cf. Don, 1838: 633, sub Anoplon biebersteinii); "Tauria" (cf. Walpers, 1844: 481, sub Anoplanthus coccineus); "In Tauriâ (Bieb.)" (cf. Reuter, 1847: 42, terra class. of Orobanche phelypaea M. Bieb. [≡ Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut.]); "Orobanche coccinea / in Tauria leg. & det. / Cl. Ledeb. / 22 // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (P 02970939 - E. Cosson, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [only one specimen, bad preserved]); "Tauria! (Pall. in Willd. herb., M. a. Bieb.) et provincis caucasicis (M. a. Bieb.)" (cf. Ledebour, 1849: 325, sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii); "Phelipaea foliata Lamb. ... / Phelipaea Biebersteinii Fisch. / Orobanche coccinea Biebers. / Willd. / Herbier A.N. Desvaux / Crescit in Tauria et Caucasia 4" (P 04392345 - A.N. Desvaux, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011); "Tauria et Caucasus (M.B., Stev.)" (cf. Boissier, 1879: 494, sub Anoplanthus coccineus); "Rossia mer. (Tauria)" (cf. Nyman, C. F. 1854-1855: 134, sub Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut.); "Crimea: in the subalpine region (Tchichatcheff) "Sobla" Estate, on the Alma River, Marschall; sources of the Salgir River [Salhyr River, Crimean Mountains], near Yenisala [Yeni-Sala], on Centaurea Scabiosa, Steven; without precise locality, Pallas, Arnoldi" (cf. Stapf, 1915: 294, sub Phelypaea foliata); "Halbinsel Krim!: an der Südküste (nach W. Arnoldi), zwischen Akmescht und Kurtz (Pallas!)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 43, sub Phelypaea coccinea); "Crimea" (cf. Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev, 1958[2000]: 34, sub Phelypaea coccinea); "Crimea. Endemic ... Type: Described from the Crimean reserve [Crimean Natural Reserve, Crimea / Krym, Ukraine] (iso-LE); [type apparently lost]" (cf. Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev, 1958[2000]: 34-35, terra class. of Phelypaea helenae Popl.); "Tauria" (cf. Schiman-Czeika, 1964: 2, sub Anoplon coccineum); «Crimea [Krym] ("Alushta District, Crimean State Preserve, southern dry slope of hill") ... parasitizing Centaurea declinata Bieb.» (cf. N.N. Tzvelev, 1981[2001]: 319[438], terra class. of Phelypaea helenae Popl.); "New localities of the Diphelypaea coccinea (M. Bieb.) Nicolson, a species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, were found in the eastern part of the southern macroslope of the Crimean Mountains and in Kerch Peninsula ... Distribution of D. coccinea (M. Bieb.) Nicolson in the Crimea: 1* — slope to the valley of the Alma river in Crimean Reserve; 2* — Mt. Chernaya; 3* — near the Kosmodemyanovskyi Monastery; 4* — Inzher-Syrt Ridge; 5* — Nikitskaya Yaila Ridge; 6* — Shtangeevskaya path in front of Mt. Stavri-Kaya; 7* — Mt. Shan-Kaya, eastern spures of Demerdzhi-Yaila; 8 — Tatar-Khaburga Ridge near Koktebel'; 9 — Opuk Mt. ... D. coccinea (M. Bieb.) Nicolson on the maritime slopes of Mt. Opuk: a — the locality (a sandy spit of the Koyashskoje salt Lake on the background)" (cf. Vasylenko, S.M. [Василенко, С.М.], 2009); "Крым, горный луг, начало июня [Crimea]" (photo by V. Nuzhdenko, www.plantarium.ru, accessed 6 Dec. 2010); "Ай-Петри 04.06.2010" [Ai-Petri / Ай-Петрі, Crimean Mountains, Yalta municipality, Crimea] (photos in www.molbiol.ru, accessed 6 Dec. 2010); "Плодоносящие растения (на Centaurea trinervia). ЮВ Крым, окр. Коктебеля. 10 июня 2011 г. Павел Евсеенков, 2011 [SW Crimea, vicinity Koktebel (Theodosia municipality), June 10, 2011]" (photo [of dry plants] by Павел Евсеенков in www.plantarium.ru, accessed 4 March. 2012).

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Unknown localions: "Anoplon Tournefortii // in fallor inter plantas polantinas Boiss frherchla amifra[?]" // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (P 02970936 - E. Cosson, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [the two specimens on the lower right corner close to Bunge's label]); "Orobanche coccinea / Cam Wilhelm / comm. ... Scott[?] (P 02970933 [Herbier donné par M. le D^r. Grenier, en 1875]; rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [only one specimen well preserved]).

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