Accepted Name - Basionymum / Basionym - Synonyms - Ind. loc. [Indicatio locotypica (type locality)] - Lectotypus [Lectotype] - Designated by - Host - Comments - Chromosomatic number - Ic. [Images] - Distribution - Specimens Examined - References - Authors - Cite us

Accepted Name:

Cistanche violacea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Pontug. 1: 320 (1813)

Basionymum / Basionym:

≡ Phelypaea violacea Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 60[-61], t. 145 (1798) ["Phelipaea"]

Synonyms:

≡ Cistanche violacea (Desf.) Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 267 (1890), comb. superfl. (cf. Beck, 1930: 29)

≡ Orobanche violacea (Desf.) Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 70 (1825) (sec. Beck, 1930: 29; M.J.Y. Foley, 2001: 30; L. Boulos, 2002: 96)

≡ Orobanche phelypaea Willd., Sp. Pl. 3(1): 352 (1800) [nom. illeg.], non Orobanche phelypaea Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 70 (1825). Ind. loc.: "Habitat in areneis deserti Barbariae". Syn: = Phelypaea violacea Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 60, t. 145 (1798) (Willdenow, 1800: 352; Hoffmanns. & Link, 1813: 320)

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Ind. loc.: "Habitat in arenis deserti prope Tozzer [Tozeur / Tawzar / (توزر‎), 33° 55’ 12’’ N 8° 8’ 24’’ E, oasis aux portes du désert du Sahara, Tozeur Governorate, Tunisie / Túnez]" (cf. Desfontaines, 1798: 61); Morocco, North Africa (sec. Beck, 1930: 30)].

Typus / Type: G 00014078.

Designated by:

Host: Parasitic mainly on Chenopodiaceae species [e.g., Anabasis aretioides Moq. & Coss., Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin] (cf. Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of Orobanchaceae, accessed 24 August 2009).

Comments: In Europe it has been recorded from Spain, but these records are referable to violaceous forms of C. phelypaea subsp. lutea (Desf.) Fern. Casas & M. Laínz (1973).

Beck (1930: 27-29, key).

Boulos (2002: 94, key).

P. Ozenda (1991: 388, key).

Chromosomatic number: n = ca. 20; 2n = ca. 40^c (cf. Reese, 1957; Schneeweiss & al., 2004).

Ic.: a, Desfontaines, 1798: t. 145 ("Tozzer" [Tozeur, Tunisie]); b, inflorescence (Zerkine, Tunisia); c, flowers (ib.); d, habit (Tozeur, Tunisie, loc. class., François in Picasa, accessed 1 April 2009); e; habit and flowers (Wilaya de Djelfa, Algeria; accessed 1 April 2009); f, habit (Lybia, April 2004, S. Gardt, SIUC (Parasitic Plant Connection); accessed 6 Feb. 2006); g, habit (Ziz-Tal, Merzouga- Ziz-Tal - Midelt, Morocco in Flickr, accessed 1 April 2009); h, habit (Síla buldozeru, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, accessed 1 April 2009); i, habit and flowers ("Ouarzazate, Marruecos" [cf. Quiles, accessed 10 Sept. 2010]); j, P. Ozenda (1991: 387 f. 140 g-h-j); "Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol. 129 [ser. 3, vol. 59]: t. 7911 (1903) [M. Smith]" in www.plantillustrations.org, accessed 12 Feb. 2012.

Distribution: Mediterranean Region distribution.

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Specimens examined and literature records.

Algeria / الجزائر‎ / Argelia / Algérie

Alger: "Algier!" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

Djelfa: habit and flowers (Wilaya de Djelfa, Algeria) in JLBG's Wilaya de Djelfa Travel Page; accessed 1 April 2009.

Ghardaïa: "in der Sahara bei El Kouah Chardaia [Ghardaïa] (L. Chevallier in Bull. herb. Boiss. 2. sér. III. [1903] 674)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

Laghouat: "Herbier Faurel / Cistanche violacea (Desf.) G. Beck / (= Phelypaea violacea Desf.) / Près de la citerne de Djebb-Guerg, / à 50 km environ au Sud de Laghouat. / (Sud algérois). / 28 mars 1955." (P04410184 - hb. Faurel, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011).

Oran: A) "Phelipaea purpurea Desf. Fl. / Jardins de christel, sur les rochers / 15 Janvier. Commençan a fleurir. / Oran, 1849", B) "70, "Phelipaea purpurea Desf. / in maritimis / Munby / Martio 1851 / Oran", C) "70, "Phelipaea purpurea Desf. / Algérie. M. Munby 1851 / N.º 70", D) "Herb. Mus. Paris / Phelipaea purpurea / Desf. / Plantes d'Algérie recueillies par M. de Marsilly, / données par M.J. Remy. 1850" (P 02970692, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011 [the sheet contains three specimens]); "Um Oran (Boissier et Reuter, Debeaux, Durieu)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

Ouargla / Warqla / ولاية ورقلة: "D^r. R. Maire itenera Algerica 1933 / Herbier de l'Afrique du Nord / Cistanche violacea (Desf.) Beck / In salsuginosis ditionis Oued Rhir [Oued R’ir] / prope El Arfiane, ad radices Limo- / niastri Guyoniani [Limoniastrum guyonianum Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae Juss.)] / 19-3" (P04363434 - hb. Maire, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011).

"Toute la région saharienne" (cf. Pomel, 1876: 107).

"in den Dünen der Sahara (nach A. Lendner in Bull. herb. Boiss. 2. sér. III. [1903] 629)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

"Sur le racines de Haloxylon tamariscifolium dans les steppes désertiques ... De l'Algérie à la Cyrénaïque [Cyrenaica, Libya]" (cf. Jahandiez & Maire, 1934: 693).

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Egypt / مصر / Egipto / Ägypten [uncorfimed]

Alexandria: "Burg el-Arab, western Mediterranean district" (cf. el-Hadidy in L. Boulos, 1995).

"?" (Greuter & al., 1989: 255).

"I have not seen any authentic material of this species collected from Egypt" (cf. L. Boulos, 2002: 96).

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Libya / ‏ليبيا‎ / Libia / Lybien

Barqah: "in der Cyrenaica (nach Durand et Barratte, l.c.)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30); "Sur le racines de Haloxylon tamariscifolium dans les steppes désertiques ... De l'Algérie à la Cyrénaïque" (cf. Jahandiez & Maire, 1934: 693).

Ţarābulus: "Tripoli" (Don, 1838: 633, sub P. violacea); "an den Küsten von Tripolis (Viviani)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

"Toute la région saharienne" (cf. Pomel, 1876: 107).

"Sahara" (cf. Battandier, 1890: 656; Durand & Barratte, 1910: 182; Jafri, 1978: 5).

Lybia, April 2004, habit by S. Gardt in SIUC - Parasitic Plant Connection; accessed 6 Feb. 2006.

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Morocco / المغرب‎, / Marruecos / Marokko

Meknès-Tafilalet: Ziz-Tal, Merzouga- Ziz-Tal - Midelt, Morocco; habit in Flickr, accessed 1 April 2009).

Oriental: "im Südwesten von Marokko bei Mardochée [Sud-Ouest du Maroc, Mardochée, Oudjan]..." (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

Souss-Massa-Drâa: "D^r. R. Maire iter Maroccanum XXV / Socio D^re E. Wilczek 1935 / Herbier de l'Afrique du Nord / Cistanche violacea (Desf.) Beck / In Anti-Atlantis ditione Taguenza, ad / radices Haloxyli tamariscifolii [= Haloxylon tamariscifolium Pau; = Anabasis tamariscifolia L.; = Hammada articulata (Moq.) O. Bolòs & Vigo (Chenopodiaceae Vent.)], 1300 m / corolla alba violaceo-marginata / palatato luteo / 19-4" (P04363434 - hb. Maire, rev. Sánchez Pedraja, 30 Nov. 2011); "Agadir ... um Chtouka [Chtouka-Ait-Baha] (nach Cosson!)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30); "...Foumalili, im Distrikte d'Ida Ouchetulal [Oued Ouchtar?]..." (cf. Beck, 1930: 30); "Ouarzazate, Marruecos" [habit and flowers by Quiles, accessed 10 Sept. 2010]).

"Toute la région saharienne" (cf. Pomel, 1876: 107, sub P. violacea); Sahara, Morocco (photo by Nicklas Strömberg; accessed 12 Feb. 2012); "Cistanche violacea, fotografiert in Marokko" by Phil41, accessed 12 Feb. 2012; Cistanche violacea by Fouad Msanda in Plant Biodiversity of South-Western Morocco, accessed 12 Feb. 2012; photos 1, 2, 3 by Jan Koeman, Marocco in www.plantillustrations.org, accessed 12 Feb. 2012.

"Sur le racines de Haloxylon tamariscifolium [= Haloxylon tamariscifolium Pau; = Hammada articulata (Moq.) O. Bolòs & Vigo (Chenopodiaceae Vent.)] dans les steppes désertiques ... De l'Algérie à la Cyrénaïque [Cyrenaica, Libya]" (cf. Jahandiez & Maire, 1934: 693; Maire, 1936: 252).

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Spain / España / Espagne / Spanien [uncorfimed]

C. violacea has been recorded from Spain, but these records are referable to violaceous forms of C. phelypaea subsp. lutea (Desf.) Fern. Casas & M. Laínz (1973).

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Tunisia / تونس / Tunisie / Túnez

Biskra: "Tunis! um Biskra (Balansa, PI. Alg. n. 846)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

Gabès: "Gabes (Kralik, PI. Tunet. n. 291; Pitard, PI. Tunet. n. 220!" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30); Gabès Governorate [Wilyat Qbis], pr. Zerkine [Wd az Zarkn], N 33º 44' 50'' E 10º 16' 52'', parasitic on Chenopodiaceae, C. Aedo & al. CA16302_2 (herb. MA [inflorescence, flowers]).

Kebili / قبلي / Qibillī / Kébili: photos in "Voyage botanique en Tunisie meridionale du 28 mars au 3 avril 2008» Dimanche 30 mars 2008: Tataouine - campement d'Aïn Sebat [near Ksar Ghilane / Qaşr Ghīlān]", accessed 12 Feb. 2012.

Sousse: "bei Bir Saad nächst Tunis (Murbeck)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

Tozeur: "Habitat in arenis deserti prope Tozzer [Tozeur / Tawzar / (توزر‎), 33° 55’ 12’’ N 8° 8’ 24’’ E, oasis aux portes du désert du Sahara, Tozeur Governorate, Tunisie / Túnez]" (cf. Desfontaines, 1798: 61, loc. class., sub P. violacea); "Habitat in areneis deserti Barbariae" (cf. Willdenow, 1800: 353, sub O. foetida Desf.); "Hab. in deserto prope Tozzer" (cf. Persoon, 1806: 181, sub P. violacea); "a sandy desert near Tozzer" (cf. Don, 1838: 633, sub P. violacea); "Crescit in deserto Barbariae" (cf. Walpers, 1842: 462, sub P. violacea); "bei Tozzer (Desfontaines)" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30); Tozeur, habit by François in Picasa, accessed 1 April 2009).

Tunisia: "um Gafsa bei Leila (С.J. Pitard, Pl. de Tunisie, III. [1910], 724!" (cf. Beck, 1930: 30).

"South of the country", Tunisia , 2007-02-25, photo by Georges Olioso (accessed 12 Feb. 2012).

"Toute la région saharienne" (cf. Pomel, 1876: 107, sub P. violacea).

"Sur le racines de Haloxylon tamariscifolium dans les steppes désertiques ... De l'Algérie à la Cyrénaïque [Cyrenaica, Libya]" (cf. Jahandiez & Maire, 1934: 693).

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References.

Battandier, J.A. 1890. Orobanchées Jussieu. In Battandier, J.A. & Trabut, L.Ch. 1888-1897. Flore de l'Algerie. [Ancienne flore d'Alger transformée] contenant la description de toutes les plantes signalées jusqu'à ce jour comme spontanées en Algérie et catalogue des plantes du Maroc. Alger: A. Jourdan; Paris: F. Savy. 3 vols. [vol. 1: 655-664 (Dec. 1890)].

Beck, G. 1890. Monographie der Gattung Orobanche. Biblioth. Bot. 19. Theodor Fischer. Kassel.

Beck, G. 1930. IV. 261. Orobanchaceae. In Engler, A. (ed.). Das Pflanzenreich. Regni Vegetabili Conspectus. Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig [pp. 1-348].

Boulos, L. 2002 [Dec. 2002]. Flora of Egypt 3 (Verbenaceae - Compositae). Al Hadara Publishing Cairo, Egypt. [Orobanchaceae: 86-96].

Desfontaines, R.L. 1798-1799. Flora atlantica... Paris. 2 vols.

Domina, G. & Raab-Straube, E. 2010. Cistanche violacea. Orobanchaceae. In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (accessed 20 July 2010).

Don, G. 1837-1838. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants [...] 4 (Corolliflorae). London. (Orobanche-Phelipaea: 628-633 [1838]) [Botanicus, accessed 10 Nov. 2008].

Durand, E. & Barrate, G. 1910. Florae Lybicae Prodromus ou Catalogue raisonné des plantes de Tripolitaine. Genève.

Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. 1989. Med-Checklist.. 4: 265-266 [Orobanchaceae]. Genève, Berlin.

Hoffmannsegg, J.C. von & Link, J.H.F. 1809-1820. Flore portugaise ou description de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en Portugal avec figures coloriées, cinq planches de terminologie et une carte. Tome I. Berlin. [Fl. Portug. 1: 311-320, t. 62-63 (Ordo 8. Orobanchinae)].

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Jafri, S.M.H. 1978. Orobanchaceae. In Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (eds.). Flora of Libya 55: 1-124. Tripoli.

Jahandiez, É. & Maire, R. 1932-1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc (Spermatophytes et Ptéridophytes). 1 (Ptéridophytes, Monocotylédones): [I]-XL, [1]-159 (1931); 2 (Dicotylédones Archichlamydées): [161]-557 (1932); 3 (Dicotylédones Gamopétales et Supplément aux volumes I et II): [LI]-LVII, 558-913 (1934); 4 (Supplément aux volumes I; II et III), par Emberger, L. & Maire, R.: LX-LXXV, [915]-1181 (1941).

Maire, R. 1936. Contributions à l’étude de la Flore de l’Afrique du Nord, fasc. 24. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique Nord 27: 203-238. [Orobanchaceae: 252-253].

Persoon, C.H. 1806-1807. Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Pars secunda. Parisiis Lutetiorum: Apud Bibliopolas Treuttel et Würtz.; Et Tubingae: Apud J. G. Cottam (Parisiis, Ex Typografia J.-L. Scherff). [Syn. Pl.].

Pomel, A.N. 1874-1875[1876]. Nouveaux matériaux pour la flore atlantique ... Paris. 1874-1875 {pp. i-iii, 1-260 in Bull. Soc. Climatol. Alger 11 (1874); pp. [257-]261-399 in 13 (1875[1876])}. [Orobanchées: 102-111. 1874].

Reuter, G. 1847. Orobanchaceae. In De Candolle, Alphonse (ed.). Prodromus Systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis... 11: 1-45. [Published on 25 Nov. 1847].

Reese, G. 1957. Über die Polyploidiespektren in der nordsaharischen Wüstenflora. Flora 144: 598-634.

Schneeweiss, G.M., Colwell, A.E., Park, J.M., Jang, C.G. & Stuessy, T.F. 2004. Phylogeny of holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) inferred from nuclear ITS sequences. Mol. Phylogenetics Evol. 30: 465-478. [Abstract / Download].

Wallroth, K.F.W. 1825. Orobanches generis ΔΙΑΣΚΕΥΗ. Franco-furti ad Moenum.

Walpers, W.G. 1842-1847. Repertorium botanices systematicae... Leipzig. 6 vols. [vol. 3 (1844-1845)].

Willdenow, C.L. 1800. Caroli a Linné species plantarum exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus secundum systema sexuale digestas. Berolini: Impensis G. C. Nauk. Tomus III. Pars I. [Sp. Pl. 3(1)] [1186. Orobanche: 347-354].

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